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Performing appropriate actions also requires integrating social conceptual information related to who owns a particular object. While prior research has demonstrated that spatial and social factors influence object processing, how these factors are integrated is not yet fully understood. To address this issue, the present study explored the neurophysiological correlates of object ownership processing when objects were located in either the PPS or EPS. Facing a virtual character, 28 participants estimated the reachability of self-owned or other-owned objects, placed at different distances. The analysis confirmed that self-owned objects are processed faster when located in PPS, and other-owned objects are processed faster when located in EPS. EEG signals analysis revealed that early ERP components, such as the N1 and anterior N2, were modulated solely by objects' spatial location. In contrast, later components, including the P3 and anterior N400, were influenced by object ownership, although depending on object's location in space. These results suggest an early perceptual prioritization of objects in the PPS and a prioritization of objects that engages the self at a postperceptual stage. Overall, the findings provide new insights into how objects are processed depending on their spatial and social properties, and confirm that virtual reality represents a promising tool to probe neural mechanisms supporting perception and action in social contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T07:48:56Z","timestamp":1744184936000},"page":"1774-1786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Object Ownership Processing in Peripersonal Space: An Electroencephalographic Study"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Lucie","family":"Lenglart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lille"},{"name":"University of Minho"}]},{"given":"Clemence","family":"Roger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lille"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minho"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Coello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lille"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083113212738800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00057","article-title":"N400 ERPs for actions: Building meaning in context","volume":"7","author":"Amoruso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113212738800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500002230","article-title":"Focusing on what you own: Biased information uptake due to ownership","volume":"7","author":"Ashby","year":"2012","journal-title":"Judgment and Decision Making"},{"key":"2025083113212738800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.029","article-title":"Modulation of neural activity by motivational and spatial biases","volume":"49","author":"Baines","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2025083113212738800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12742","article-title":"Contribution of the motor system to the perception of reachable space: An fMRI study","volume":"40","author":"Bartolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113212738800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"2025083113212738800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797618795679","article-title":"Mind the depth: Visual perception of shapes is better in peripersonal space","volume":"29","author":"Blini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2025083113212738800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1993.5.1.34","article-title":"The processing nature of the N400: Evidence from masked priming","volume":"5","author":"Brown","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113212738800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439812174-29","article-title":"Peripersonal space: A multisensory interface for body\u2013object interactions","volume-title":"The neural bases of multisensory processes","author":"Brozzoli","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025083113212738800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/r7fby","article-title":"ATHOS: A dATabase of 48 3D Human virtual characters with non-emOtional facial expreSsion for virtual reality","author":"Cartaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"PsyArXiv"},{"key":"2025083113212738800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00657","article-title":"Physiological response to facial expressions in peripersonal space determines interpersonal distance in a social interaction context","volume":"9","author":"Cartaud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2025083113212738800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-019-01283-2","article-title":"Self-prioritization during stimulus processing is not obligatory","volume":"85","author":"Caughey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"key":"2025083113212738800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2022.103420","article-title":"Is self always prioritised? 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