{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T19:16:16Z","timestamp":1724181376399},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Computation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We investigate the problem of estimating the density function of multivariate binary data. In particular, we focus on models for which computing the estimated probability of any data point is tractable. In such a setting, previous work has mostly concentrated on mixture modeling approaches. We argue that for the problem of tractable density estimation, the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) provides a competitive framework for multivariate binary density modeling. With this in mind, we also generalize the RBM framework and present the restricted Boltzmann forest (RBForest), which replaces the binary variables in the hidden layer of RBMs with groups of tree-structured binary variables. This extension allows us to obtain models that have more modeling capacity but remain tractable. In experiments on several data sets, we demonstrate the competitiveness of this approach and study some of its properties. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_00014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,23]],"date-time":"2010-06-23T00:07:32Z","timestamp":1277251652000},"page":"2285-2307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tractable Multivariate Binary Density Estimation and the Restricted Boltzmann Forest"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hugo","family":"Larochelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3G4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshua","family":"Bengio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of IRO, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada H3T 1J4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Turian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of IRO, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Canada H3T 1J4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/63.3.413"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976600300015925"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-5897-5"},{"key":"B4","volume-title":"Training products of experts by minimizing contrastive divergence","author":"Hinton G. E.","year":"2000"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2006.18.7.1527"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2004.1334543"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1102351.1102418"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"1145","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems","volume":"21","author":"Nair V.","year":"2009"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(92)90065-6"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"841","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems","volume":"14","author":"Ng A. Y.","year":"2002"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1390156.1390266"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"194","volume-title":"Parallel distributed processing","volume":"1","author":"Smolensky P.","year":"1986"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1390156.1390290"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1553374.1553506"}],"container-title":["Neural Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1162\/NECO_a_00014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T21:38:15Z","timestamp":1615585095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/neco\/article\/22\/9\/2285-2307\/7570"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1162\/NECO_a_00014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/neco_a_00014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-7667","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-888X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}