{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T10:11:42Z","timestamp":1681380702585},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Computation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> When we learn something new, our brain may store the information in synapses or in reverberating loops of electrical activity, but current theories of motor learning focus almost entirely on the synapses. Here we show that loops could also play a role and would bring advantages: loop-based algorithms can learn complex control tasks faster, with exponentially fewer neurons, and avoid the problem of weight transport. They do all this at a cost: in the presence of long feedback delays, loop algorithms cannot control very fast movements, but in this case, loop and synaptic mechanisms can complement each other\u2014mixed systems quickly learn to make accurate but not very fast motions and then gradually speed up. Loop algorithms explain aspects of consolidation, the role of attention, and the relapses that are sometimes seen after a task has apparently been learned, and they make further predictions. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_00237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T21:23:40Z","timestamp":1321565020000},"page":"611-634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Computational Advantages of Reverberating Loops for Sensorimotor Learning"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kristen","family":"Fortney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas B.","family":"Tweed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; and Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2008.04-07-507"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-11-150"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/84023"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976699300016575"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471461288.ch9"},{"key":"B6","volume-title":"Dynamic programming","author":"Bellman R. E.","year":"1957"},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"Applied optimal control","author":"Bryson A. E.","year":"1975"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00320393"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5300-07.2008"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/S0273-0979-01-00923-5"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00197-9"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice","author":"Dickinson J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/81460"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2004.830985"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471781819"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470014091"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg095"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0364-0213(87)80025-3"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/29528"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199404000-00015"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(89)90020-8"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1603_1"},{"key":"B23","volume-title":"In search of memory","author":"Kandel E. R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.1.280"},{"key":"B25","volume-title":"Nonlinear systems","author":"Khalil H. K.","year":"2002"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1901"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2005.10.003"},{"key":"B29","volume-title":"Neural network control of robot manipulators and nonlinear systems","author":"Lewis F. L.","year":"1999"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470608593"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg097"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5317-05.2006"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/83917"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1993.9942050"},{"key":"B35","first-page":"394","volume":"26","author":"Moore E. H.","year":"1920","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1967.1098599","volume":"12","author":"Nagumo J.","year":"1967","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr."},{"key":"B37","volume-title":"Stable adaptive systems","author":"Narendra K. S.","year":"1989"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/37.1-2.149"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00149-1"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2658"},{"key":"B41","volume-title":"Computational neuroscience of vision","author":"Rolls E. T.","year":"2002"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/323533a0"},{"key":"B43","volume-title":"Learning with kernels: Support vector machines, regularization, optimization, and beyond","author":"Sch\u00f6lkopf B.","year":"2002"},{"key":"B44","volume-title":"Differential equations with applications and historical notes","author":"Simmons G. F.","year":"1972"},{"key":"B45","volume-title":"Applied nonlinear control","author":"Slotine J.J.E.","year":"1991"},{"issue":"2","key":"B46","first-page":"28","volume":"6","author":"Smith O. J. M.","year":"1959","journal-title":"ISA Journal"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0604-567"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0071173"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858408314435"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/18.9768"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn963"},{"key":"B52","volume-title":"Adaptive signal processing","author":"Widrow B.","year":"1985"}],"container-title":["Neural Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1162\/NECO_a_00237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T21:39:09Z","timestamp":1615585149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/neco\/article\/24\/3\/611-634\/7746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1162\/NECO_a_00237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/neco_a_00237","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-7667","1530-888X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-7667","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-888X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}