{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T11:42:01Z","timestamp":1749642121758},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Computation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Neurons selective for faces exist in humans and monkeys. However, characteristics of face cell receptive fields are poorly understood. In this theoretical study, we explore the effects of complexity, defined as algorithmic information (Kolmogorov complexity) and logical depth, on possible ways that face cells may be organized. We use tensor decompositions to decompose faces into a set of components, called tensorfaces, and their associated weights, which can be interpreted as model face cells and their firing rates. These tensorfaces form a high-dimensional representation space in which each tensorface forms an axis of the space. A distinctive feature of the decomposition algorithm is the ability to specify tensorface complexity. We found that low-complexity tensorfaces have blob-like appearances crudely approximating faces, while high-complexity tensorfaces appear clearly face-like. Low-complexity tensorfaces require a larger population to reach a criterion face reconstruction error than medium- or high-complexity tensorfaces, and thus are inefficient by that criterion. Low-complexity tensorfaces, however, generalize better when representing statistically novel faces, which are faces falling beyond the distribution of face description parameters found in the tensorface training set. The degree to which face representations are parts based or global forms a continuum as a function of tensorface complexity, with low and medium tensorfaces being more parts based. Given the computational load imposed in creating high-complexity face cells (in the form of algorithmic information and logical depth) and in the absence of a compelling advantage to using high-complexity cells, we suggest face representations consist of a mixture of low- and medium-complexity face cells. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,14]],"date-time":"2019-12-14T00:28:21Z","timestamp":1576283301000},"page":"281-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Face Representations via Tensorfaces of Various Complexities"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sidney R.","family":"Lehky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Brain Mapping Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anh Huy","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia; and Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Cichocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia; Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01447 Warsaw, Poland; College of Computer Science, Hangzhou Dianzu University, Hangzhou 310018, China; and Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Brain Mapping Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 325-0198, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"B2","volume-title":"The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy","author":"Adriaans P.","year":"2019","edition":"2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003167"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Sensory communication","author":"Barlow H. 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