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Later topologies of neuronal networks departed from the biological substrate and began to be developed independently as the biological processing units are not well understood or are not transferable to in silico architectures. In the field of neuroscience, the advent of multichannel recordings has enabled recording the activity of many neurons simultaneously and characterizing complex network activity in biological neural networks (BNN). The unique opportunity to compare large neuronal network topologies, processing, and learning strategies with those that have been developed in state-of-the-art ANN has become a reality. The aim of this review is to introduce certain basic concepts of modern ANN, corresponding training algorithms, and biological counterparts. The selection of these modern ANN is prone to be biased (e.g., spiking neural networks are excluded) but may be sufficient for a concise overview.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T22:25:58Z","timestamp":1679437558000},"page":"763-806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Modern Artificial Neural Networks: Is Evolution Cleverer?"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Bahmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, Ruesselsheim Campus, 65197 Wiesbaden, Germany a_bahmer@gmx.de"}]},{"given":"Daya","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, U.S.A. dayagup@gmail.com"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Effenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernst Struengmann Institute, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany felix.effenberger@esi-frankfurt.de"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041921575597800_B1","unstructured":"Aha, D. 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