{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:53:14Z","timestamp":1758819194429},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Currently, surgical skills teaching in medical schools and hospitals is changing, requiring the development of new tools to focus on (i) the importance of the mentor\u2019s role, (ii) teamwork skills training, and (iii) remote training support. Collaborative Networked Virtual Surgical Simulators (CNVSS) allow collaborative training of surgical procedures where remotely located users with different surgical roles can take part in the training session. To provide successful training involving good collaborative performance, CNVSS should guarantee synchronicity in time of the surgical scene viewed by each user and a quick response time which are affected by factors such as users\u2019 machine capabilities and network conditions. To the best of our knowledge, the impact of these factors on the performance of CNVSS implementing hybrid client\u2013server architecture has not been evaluated. In this paper the development of a CNVSS implementing a hybrid client\u2013server architecture and two statistical designs of experiments (DOE) is described by using (i) a fractional factorial DOE and (ii) a central composite DOE, to determine the most influential factors and how these factors affect the collaboration in a CNVSS. From the results obtained, it was concluded that packet loss, bandwidth, and delay have a larger effect on the consistency of the shared virtual environment, whereas bandwidth, server machine capabilities, and delay and interaction between factors bandwidth and packet loss have a larger effect on the time difference and number of errors of the collaborative task. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/pres_a_00208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,12]],"date-time":"2015-03-12T19:31:26Z","timestamp":1426188686000},"page":"393-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Collaborative Networked Virtual Surgical Simulators (CNVSS) Implementing Hybrid Client\u2013Server Architecture: Factors Affecting Collaborative Performance"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n I+D+I en TIC Universidad EAFIT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helmuth","family":"Trefftz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n I+D+I en TIC Universidad EAFIT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Quintero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n de Modelado Matem\u00e1tico Universidad EAFIT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego A.","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n DDP Universidad EAFIT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sakti","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Stanford University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocab":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0097-8493(02)00277-7"},{"key":"p_2","first-page":"13","volume":"125","author":"Allard J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Studies in Health Technology and Informatics"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1959.10489866"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.2006.15.2.218"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.15.4.465"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-008-0099-5"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/PRES_a_00133"},{"key":"p_10","first-page":"1","author":"Gawande A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"The New Yorker-Annals of Medicine"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474605323384663"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v032.i07"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2009.07.004"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474603322955905"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.40"},{"issue":"7","key":"p_21","first-page":"19","volume":"93","author":"Moller M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bulletin of American College of Surgeons"},{"key":"p_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2009.06.008"},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-008-9249-2"},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.20870\/IJVR.2010.9.3.2773","volume":"9","author":"Qin J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"The International Journal of Virtual Reality"},{"key":"p_31","first-page":"15","volume":"2007","author":"Tang S.-W.","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE International Conference on Integration Technology"},{"key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/105474603763835323"}],"container-title":["Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1162\/PRES_a_00208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T21:29:34Z","timestamp":1615584574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article\/23\/4\/393-409\/18882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1162\/PRES_a_00208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/pres_a_00208","relation":{},"ISSN":["1054-7460"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1054-7460","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]}}}