{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T15:49:08Z","timestamp":1723391348024},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article addresses some of the challenges involved with creating a stereoscopic video augmented reality \u201cX-ray vision\u201d display for near-field applications, which enables presentation of computer-generated objects as if they lie behind a real object surface, while maintaining the ability to effectively perceive information that might be present on that surface. To achieve this, we propose a method in which patterns consisting of randomly distributed dots are overlaid onto the real surface prior to the rendering of a virtual object behind the real surface using stereoscopic disparity. It was hypothesized that, even though the virtual object is occluding the real object\u2019s surface, the addition of the random dot patterns should increase the strength of the binocular disparity cue, resulting in improved performance in localizing the virtual object behind the surface. In Phase I of the experiment reported here, the feasibility of the display principle was confirmed, and concurrently the effects of relative dot size and dot density on the presence and sensitivity of any perceptual bias in localizing the virtual object within the vicinity of a flat, real surface with a periodic texture were assessed. In Phase II, the effect of relative dot size and dot density on perceiving the impression of transparency of the same real surface while preserving detection of surface information was investigated. Results revealed an advantage of the proposed method in comparison with the \u201cNo Pattern\u201d condition for the transparency ratings. Surface information preservation was also shown to decrease with increasing dot density and relative dot size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/pres_a_00286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T20:15:50Z","timestamp":1508271350000},"page":"42-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Use of Random Dot Patterns in Achieving X-Ray Vision for Near-Field Applications of Stereoscopic Video-Based Augmented Reality Displays"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sanaz","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (MIE) Department University of Toronto 5 King\u2019s College Road Toronto ON Canada M5S 3G8"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Otsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tsukuba"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Milgram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}]},{"given":"Ryad","family":"Chellali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Tech University"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"p_2","first-page":"79","author":"Avery B.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference"},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.963459"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/142920.134061"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1993.tb00419.x"},{"key":"p_11","first-page":"123","author":"Drascic D.","year":"1996","journal-title":"California"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-28626-4_45"},{"key":"p_13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1518\/001872098779591278"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206284"},{"key":"p_15","first-page":"934","author":"Fuchs H.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Augmented Reality Visualization for Laparoscopic Surgery"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.597794"},{"key":"p_20","first-page":"131","author":"Johnson L. 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