{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T20:51:05Z","timestamp":1759179065610,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Scientists working in the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission (2004\u20132018) reported having a sense of presence on Mars. How is this possible, given that many of the factors underlying presence in mundane situations were absent? We use Riva and Waterworth's (2014) Three-Level model to elucidate how presence was achieved. It distinguishes among proto-presence, core-presence, and extended-presence. We argue that scientists did not experience proto-presence because it requires a tight sensorimotor coupling not available due to the way the rovers were controlled and due to the lengthy delays in getting feedback. Instead, the design of the sociotechnical system made core-presence and extended-presence possible. Extended-presence involved successfully establishing long-term conceptual goals during strategic planning meetings. Core-presence involved enacting short-term tactical goals by carrying out specific actions on particular targets, abstracting away from sensorimotor details. The shift of perspective to the Martian surface was facilitated by team members \u201cbecoming the rover,\u201d which allowed them to identify relevant affordances evident in images. We argue, however, that because Mars exploration is a collective activity involving shared agency by a distributed cognitive system, the experience of core- and extended-presence was a collective sense of presence through the rovers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/pres_a_00337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T18:09:34Z","timestamp":1627582174000},"page":"400-409","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Experience of Presence in the Mars Exploration Rover\n                    Mission"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Chiappe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University Long Beach dan.chiappe@csulb.edu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Vervaeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112015013854800_B1","article-title":"OnSight:\n                        Multi-platform visualization of the surface of Mars","volume-title":"Poster presented at the American Geophysical Union (AGU)\n                        Conference","author":"Abercrobie","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024112015013854800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00492","article-title":"Tool use imagery triggers tool\n                        incorporation in the body schema","volume":"5","author":"Baccarini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in\n                        Psychology"},{"key":"2024112015013854800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2014.01.008","article-title":"Costs and benefits of tool-use on the\n                        perception of reachable space","volume":"148","author":"Bourgeois","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta\n                        Psychologica"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024112015013854800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1162\/PRES_a_00288","article-title":"Beyond the here and now: Exploring\n                        threaded presence in mediated, improvised performance","volume":"26","author":"Carlson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"},{"volume-title":"The enactment of shared agency in teams\n                            exploring Mars through rovers","year":"2020","author":"Chiappe","key":"2024112015013854800_B5"},{"volume-title":"Working on Mars: Voyages of Scientific Discovery with the Mars\n                        Exploration Rovers","year":"2012","author":"Clancey","key":"2024112015013854800_B6"},{"key":"2024112015013854800_B7","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of teleoperation system control","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Florida Conference on Recent Advances in\n                        Robotics","author":"Cui","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024112015013854800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2015.1015740","article-title":"How immersive is enough? 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Presence: Teleoperators\n                            and Virtual Environments"}],"container-title":["PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article-pdf\/27\/4\/400\/2003706\/pres_a_00337.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article-pdf\/27\/4\/400\/2003706\/pres_a_00337.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T15:04:46Z","timestamp":1732115086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article\/27\/4\/400\/106024\/The-Experience-of-Presence-in-the-Mars-Exploration"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/pres_a_00337","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3263"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1531-3263"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}