{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T06:26:19Z","timestamp":1717050379275},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MIT Press","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The present research investigates the effectiveness of using a telepresence system compared to a video conferencing system and the effectiveness of using two cameras compared to one camera for remote physical therapy. We used Telegie as our telepresence system, which allowed users to see an environment captured with RGBD cameras in 3D through a VR headset. Since both telepresence and the inclusion of a second camera provide users with additional spatial information, we examined this affordance within the relevant context of remote physical therapy. Our dyadic study across different time zones paired 11 physical therapists with 76 participants who took on the role of patients for a remote session. Our quantitative questionnaire data and qualitative interviews with therapists revealed several important findings. First, after controlling for individual differences among participants, using two cameras had a marginally significant positive effect on physical therapy assessment scores from therapists. Second, the spatial ability of patients was a strong predictor of therapist assessment. And third, the video clarity of remote communication systems mattered. Based on our findings, we offer several suggestions and insights towards the future use of telepresence systems for remote communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/pres_a_00379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T15:18:54Z","timestamp":1682003934000},"page":"47-67","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Evaluation Study of 2D and 3D Teleconferencing for Remote Physical Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Hanseul","family":"Jun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}]},{"given":"Husam","family":"Shaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}]},{"given":"Cyan","family":"DeVeaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lewek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Bailenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2023101015521917700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.63.4.596","article-title":"Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness","volume":"63","author":"Aron","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023101015521917700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/15213260802285214","article-title":"The effect of interactivity on learning physical actions in virtual reality","volume":"11","author":"Bailenson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Media Psychology"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B3","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","author":"Bates","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023101015521917700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.33","article-title":"Immersive group-to-group telepresence","volume":"19","author":"Beck","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023101015521917700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1162\/105474699566323","article-title":"Collaborative task performance for learning using a virtual environment","volume":"8","author":"Bystrom","year":"1999","journal-title":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B6","first-page":"77","article-title":"VR solutions for improving physical therapy","author":"Camporesi","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Virtual Reality"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.916455","article-title":"Virtual reality rehabilitation versus conventional physical therapy for improving balance and gait in Parkinson's disease patients: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1109\/ICVR.2009.5174200","article-title":"Eleven months of home virtual reality telerehabilitation---Lessons learned","author":"Golomb","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virtual Rehabilitation International Conference"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023101015521917700_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.94.2.293","article-title":"Personal space: Where we now stand","volume":"94","author":"Hayduk","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023101015521917700_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1162\/pres_a_00324","article-title":"Effect of behavioral realism on social interactions inside collaborative virtual environments","volume":"27","author":"Herrera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B11","first-page":"664","article-title":"Temporal RVL: A depth stream compression method","author":"Jun","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces, Abstracts and Workshops"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023101015521917700_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1162\/pres_a_00326","article-title":"An easy-to-use pipeline for an RGBD camera and an AR headset","volume":"27","author":"Jun","year":"2018","journal-title":"PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17043-5_9","article-title":"VR-assisted physical rehabilitation: Adapting to the needs of therapists and patients","volume-title":"Virtual Realities","author":"Kallmann","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023101015521917700_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2012.0500","article-title":"Can interface features affect aggression resulting from violent video game play? An examination of realistic controller and large screen size","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3281505.3281542","article-title":"With a little help from a holographic friend: The OpenIMPRESS mixed reality telepresence toolkit for remote collaboration systems","author":"Kolkmeier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B16","first-page":"318","article-title":"LiveScan3D: A fast and inexpensive 3D data acquisition system for multiple Kinect v2 sensors","author":"Kowalski","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Conference on 3D Vision"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023101015521917700_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-5961(95)00048-8","article-title":"Prospects for video telephony","volume":"19","author":"Kraut","year":"1995","journal-title":"Telecommunications Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023101015521917700_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2794074","article-title":"Effects of unaugmented periphery and vibrotactile feedback on proxemics with virtual humans in AR","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B19","first-page":"137","article-title":"Encumbrance-free telepresence system with real-time 3D capture and display using commodity depth cameras","author":"Maimone","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE 10th International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B20","first-page":"23","article-title":"General-purpose telepresence with head-worn optical see-through displays and projector-based lighting","author":"Maimone","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Virtual Reality"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02364","article-title":"Immersive virtual reality field trips facilitate learning about climate change","volume":"9","author":"Markowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023101015521917700_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216290","article-title":"Social interaction in augmented reality","volume":"14","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023101015521917700_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2018.0404","article-title":"The effects of immersion and real-world distractions on virtual social interactions","volume":"22","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1145\/2984511.2984517","article-title":"Holoportation: Virtual 3D teleportation in real-time","author":"Orts-Escolano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1145\/2818048.2819965","article-title":"Room2Room: Enabling life-size telepresence in a projected augmented reality environment","author":"Pejsa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023101015521917700_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1995.1032","article-title":"A redrawn Vandenberg and Kuse mental rotations test\u2014Different versions and factors that affect performance","volume":"28","author":"Peters","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023101015521917700_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2015.2402635","article-title":"withyou\u2014an experimental end-to-end telepresence system using video-based reconstruction","volume":"9","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing"},{"issue":"3972","key":"2023101015521917700_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1126\/science.171.3972.701","article-title":"Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects","volume":"171","author":"Shepard","year":"1971","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023101015521917700_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2012.110","article-title":"Beaming: An asymmetric telepresence system","volume":"32","author":"Steed","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023101015521917700_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x","article-title":"Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence","volume":"42","author":"Steuer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"key":"2023101015521917700_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.07.006","article-title":"Gait analysis and functional outcomes after twelve-week rehabilitation in patients with surgically treated ankle fractures","volume":"49","author":"Suciu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"}],"container-title":["PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/pres_a_00379\/2162433\/pres_a_00379.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/pres_a_00379\/2162433\/pres_a_00379.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T15:53:27Z","timestamp":1696953207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article\/doi\/10.1162\/pres_a_00379\/115692\/An-Evaluation-Study-of-2D-and-3D-Teleconferencing"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/pres_a_00379","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}