{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T06:02:56Z","timestamp":1750744976426},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MIT Press","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Object manipulation is essential to build the surrounding reality, and affordances\u2014the action possibilities offered by the environment\u2014have a crucial role in human--tool interaction. Due to the exponential growth of the metaverse, a research question arises: Does the theoretical model behind the human--tool interaction also work in artificial reality? The present study aimed to investigate the difference in the sense of embodiment in human--tool interaction between usual and unusual objects in an immersive 360-degree video. The environment is a recording of a human arm that interacts with various tools on a table. Forty-four participants took part in the study, and they were randomized into two groups, usual or unusual objects, and in two within-participants conditions, reach to move or reach to use. Results showed no significant difference in the embodiment between usual and unusual objects, demonstrating that the ventral and dorsal streams may perfectly integrate information in the artificial environment as in the real world. Participants felt present in the virtual environment, as demonstrated by the factor location of embodiment, so they believed they could interact with any tools, independently of their affordances. The study contributes to understanding the mechanisms behind human--tool interaction in the artificial environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/pres_a_00382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T21:18:11Z","timestamp":1683839891000},"page":"203-212","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Do Object Affordances Modulate the Sense of Embodiment in Virtual Human--Tool Interaction? Reflection for the Interactive Artificial Environment"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Ventura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polibienestar University of Valencia Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Bologna Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Tessari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Bologna Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Alma Mater Research Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence University of Bologna Bologna, Italy"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2023071416003373400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.07.007","article-title":"Two action systems in the human brain","volume":"127","author":"Binkofski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023071416003373400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.15.6.627","article-title":"Exploiting proprioception to improve haptic interaction in a virtual environment","volume":"15","author":"Boeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00351","article-title":"Stable and variable affordances are both automatic and flexible","volume":"9","author":"Borghi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023071416003373400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.22161\/ijaers.6.6.71","article-title":"Relationship between the learning of computational thinking and the development of reasoning","volume":"6","author":"Boucinha","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023071416003373400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.57019\/jmv.1144470","article-title":"Metaverse: Threat or opportunity for our social world?","volume":"3","author":"Buana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Metaverse"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023071416003373400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05447.x","article-title":"Action knowledge, visuomotor activation, and embodiment in the two action systems","volume":"1191","author":"Buxbaum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01202","article-title":"Investigating the relationship between interoceptive accuracy, interoceptive awareness, and emotional susceptibility","volume":"6","author":"Cal\u00ec","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023071416003373400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1464","article-title":"The role and impact of mental simulation in design","volume":"23","author":"Christensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Applied Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542","article-title":"Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy","volume":"66","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023071416003373400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-010-0364-z","article-title":"Action and behavior: A free-energy formulation","volume":"102","author":"Friston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Cybernetics"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B12","volume-title":"The theory of affordances","author":"Gibson","year":"1977"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023071416003373400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1162\/105474605774785244","article-title":"Evoking affordances in virtual environments via sensory-stimuli substitution","volume":"14","author":"Gross","year":"2005","journal-title":"Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023071416003373400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.04.001","article-title":"Mechanical reasoning by mental simulation","volume":"8","author":"Hegarty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2017.7892229","article-title":"6-DOF VR videos with a single 360-camera","volume-title":"2017 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR)","author":"Huang","year":"2017"},{"issue":"17","key":"2023071416003373400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6917","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-17-06917.2001","article-title":"Eye\u2013hand coordination in object manipulation","volume":"21","author":"Johansson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203726655","volume-title":"How Shall Affordances Be Refined?: Four Perspectives: A Special Issue of Ecological Psychology","author":"Jones","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023071416003373400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5325\/intelitestud.19.1.0017","article-title":"Information bodies: Computational anxiety in Neal Stephenson's Snow Crash","volume":"19","author":"Joshua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Interdisciplinary Literary Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023071416003373400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1162\/PRES_a_00124","article-title":"The sense of embodiment in virtual reality","volume":"21","author":"Kilteni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023071416003373400_B19","article-title":"The ethics of immersive journalism: A rhetorical analysis of news storytelling with virtual reality technology","volume":"9","author":"Kool","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intersect: The Stanford Journal of Science, Technology, and Society"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B20","volume-title":"All one needs to know about metaverse: A complete survey on technological singularity, virtual ecosystem, and research agenda","author":"Lee","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5841","key":"2023071416003373400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1143439","article-title":"Video ergo sum: Manipulating bodily self-consciousness","volume":"317","author":"Lenggenhager","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1162\/pres_a_00340","article-title":"Presence and communication in hybrid virtual and augmented reality environments","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Presence: Virtual and Augmented Reality"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023071416003373400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1162\/105474603322955914","article-title":"Effects of handling real objects and self-avatar fidelity on cognitive task performance and sense of presence in virtual environments","volume":"12","author":"Lok","year":"2003","journal-title":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023071416003373400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2007.12.004","article-title":"What is embodiment? A psychometric approach","volume":"107","author":"Longo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-010-0049-5","article-title":"A tutorial on a practical Bayesian alternative to null-hypothesis significance testing","volume":"43","author":"Masson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1162\/PRES_a_00376","article-title":"AR cinema: Visual storytelling and embodied experiences with augmented reality filters and backgrounds","volume":"30","author":"O'Meara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Presence: Virtual and Augmented Reality"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023071416003373400_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.06.013","article-title":"Unusual use of objects after unilateral brain damage. The technical reasoning model","volume":"45","author":"Osiurak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023071416003373400_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003832","article-title":"If I were you: Perceptual illusion of body swapping","volume":"3","author":"Petkova","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01093-5_8","article-title":"Learning into the wild: A protocol for the use of 360\u00b0 video for foreign language learning","volume-title":"International Symposium on Pervasive Computing Paradigms for Mental Health","author":"Repetto","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023071416003373400_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0320","article-title":"Interreality in practice: Bridging virtual and real worlds in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorders","volume":"13","author":"Riva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023071416003373400_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2022.0124","article-title":"What the metaverse is (really) and why we need to know about it","volume":"25","author":"Riva","year":"2022","journal-title":"CyberPsychology, Social Networking, and Behavior"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1145\/3191801.3191814","article-title":"Physical hand interaction for controlling multiple virtual objects in virtual reality","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Interactive and Spatial Computing","author":"Sait","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B33","first-page":"211","article-title":"Can you empathize with me? Development of a 360\u00b0 video-training to enhance residents\u2019 empathic abilities","volume-title":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for Extended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering","author":"Sansoni","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023071416003373400_B34","first-page":"419","article-title":"Agire su oggetti inusuali: quando funzionalit\u00e0 e struttura si confrontano","volume":"45","author":"Sciulli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano Di Psicologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023071416003373400_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1997.6.6.603","article-title":"A framework for immersive virtual environments (FIVE): Speculations on the role of presence in virtual environments","volume":"6","author":"Slater","year":"1997","journal-title":"Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023071416003373400_B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2019.1628877","article-title":"Framework of affordances for virtual reality and augmented reality","volume":"36","author":"Steffen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.04.019","article-title":"The state of immersive technology research: A literature analysis","volume":"86","author":"Suh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023071416003373400_B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0209","article-title":"How does it feel to be a woman victim of sexual harassment? The effect of 360\u00b0-video-based virtual reality on empathy and related variables","volume":"24","author":"Ventura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"2023071416003373400_B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845508","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.845508","article-title":"Predictors of the sense of embodiment of a female victim of sexual harassment in a male sample through 360-degree video-based virtual reality","volume":"16","author":"Ventura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023071416003373400_B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-021-00567-6","article-title":"The benchmark framework and exploratory study to investigate the feasibility of 360-degree video-based virtual reality to induce a full body illusion","volume":"26","author":"Ventura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"}],"container-title":["PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/pres_a_00382\/2143669\/pres_a_00382.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/pres_a_00382\/2143669\/pres_a_00382.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T16:00:49Z","timestamp":1689350449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/pvar\/article\/doi\/10.1162\/pres_a_00382\/115971\/Do-Object-Affordances-Modulate-the-Sense-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":40,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/pres_a_00382","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}