{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T21:54:21Z","timestamp":1774302861695,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":413,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Acknowledgements found in scholarly papers allow for credit attribution of nonauthor contributors. As such, they are associated with a different kind of recognition than authorship. While several studies have shown that social factors affect authorship and citation practices, few analyses have been performed on acknowledgements. Based on 878,250 acknowledgees mentioned in 291,167 papers published between 2015 and 2017, this study analyzes the gender and academic status of individuals named in the acknowledgements of scientific papers. Our results show that gender disparities generally found in authorship can be extended to acknowledgements, and that women are even more underrepresented in acknowledgements section than in authors\u2019 lists. Our findings also show that women acknowledge proportionally more women than men do. Regarding academic status, our results show that acknowledgees who have already published tend to have a higher position in the academic hierarchy compared with all Web of Science (WoS) authors. Taken together, these findings suggest that acknowledgement practices might be associated with academic status and gender.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/qss_a_00036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T16:36:47Z","timestamp":1584981407000},"page":"582-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Who are the acknowledgees? An analysis of gender and academic status"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4572-5385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e8le","family":"Paul-Hus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole de biblioth\u00e9conomie et des sciences de l\u2019information, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, PO Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, H3C 3J7, Canada"},{"name":"Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et la Technologie (CIRST), CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8 Montr\u00e9al, Qc., Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1021-059X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Mongeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0760-0290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Sainte-Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2733-0689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Larivi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c9cole de biblioth\u00e9conomie et des sciences de l\u2019information, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, PO Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, H3C 3J7, Canada"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche sur la Science et la Technologie (CIRST), Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies (OST), CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, H3C 3P8 Montr\u00e9al, Qc., Canada"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073014021854100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo,  E. B., Ara\u00fajo,  N. A. M., Moreira,  A. A., Herrmann,  H. J., & Andrade,  J. S., Jr. (2017). Gender differences in scientific collaborations: Women are more egalitarian than men. PLOS ONE, 12(5), e0176791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0176791","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176791"},{"key":"2025073014021854100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9,  N., Sainte-Marie,  M., Ghiasi,  G., & Larivi\u00e8reV. (2020). Wiki-Gendersort: Automatic gender detection using first names in Wikipedia. https:\/\/osf.io\/preprints\/socarxiv\/ezw7p","DOI":"10.31235\/osf.io\/ezw7p"},{"key":"2025073014021854100_bib3","unstructured":"Bird,  S., Klein,  E., & Loper,  E. (2009). 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A., Sainte-Marie,  M., Desrochers,  N., Costas,  R., & Larivi\u00e8re,  V. (2017b). Beyond funding: Acknowledgement patterns in biomedical, natural and social sciences. PLOS ONE, 12(10), e0185578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0185578","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185578"},{"key":"2025073014021854100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponomariov,  B., & Boardman,  C. (2016). What is co-authorship?Scientometrics, 109(3), 1939\u20131963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-016-2127-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-016-2127-7"},{"key":"2025073014021854100_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price,  D. J. de S., & Beaver,  D. (1966). Collaboration in an Invisible College. American Psychologist, 21(11), 1011\u20131018.","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024051"},{"key":"2025073014021854100_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santamar\u00eda,  L., & Mihaljevi\u0107,  H. (2018). Comparison and benchmark of name-to-gender inference services. 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