{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:28:45Z","timestamp":1762298925144},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TACL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> As automated image analysis progresses, there is increasing interest in richer linguistic annotation of pictures, with attributes of objects (e.g., furry, brown\u2026) attracting most attention. By building on the recent \u201czero-shot learning\u201d approach, and paying attention to the linguistic nature of attributes as noun modifiers, and specifically adjectives, we show that it is possible to tag images with attribute-denoting adjectives even when no training data containing the relevant annotation are available. Our approach relies on two key observations. First, objects can be seen as bundles of attributes, typically expressed as adjectival modifiers (a dog is something furry, brown, etc.), and thus a function trained to map visual representations of objects to nominal labels can implicitly learn to map attributes to adjectives. Second, objects and attributes come together in pictures (the same thing is a dog and it is brown). We can thus achieve better attribute (and object) label retrieval by treating images as \u201cvisual phrases\u201d, and decomposing their linguistic representation into an attribute-denoting adjective and an object-denoting noun. Our approach performs comparably to a method exploiting manual attribute annotation, it out-performs various competitive alternatives in both attribute and object annotation, and it automatically constructs attribute-centric representations that significantly improve performance in supervised object recognition. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T15:44:35Z","timestamp":1546011875000},"page":"183-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["From Visual Attributes to Adjectives through Decompositional                     Distributional Semantics"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Angeliki","family":"Lazaridou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mind\/Brain Sciences, University of Trento,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgiana","family":"Dinu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mind\/Brain Sciences, University of Trento,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Liska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mind\/Brain Sciences, University of Trento,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Baroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Mind\/Brain Sciences, University of Trento,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.4135","volume":"49","author":"Bruni Elia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/coli_a_00017"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/0899766042321814"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.3994","volume":"47","author":"Hodosh Micah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/28.3-4.321","volume":"28","author":"Hotelling Harold","year":"1936","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-013-0695-z","volume":"108","author":"Patterson Genevieve","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"p_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.2934","volume":"37","author":"Turney Peter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"p_42","author":"der Maaten Laurens Van","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research, 9(2579-2605)."}],"container-title":["Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1162\/tacl_a_00132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T21:38:38Z","timestamp":1615585118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/tacl\/article\/43272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":8,"alternative-id":["10.1162\/tacl_a_00132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/tacl_a_00132","relation":{},"ISSN":["2307-387X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2307-387X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}}}