{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T18:57:19Z","timestamp":1771700239912,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TACL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Lexical embeddings can serve as useful representations for words for a variety of NLP tasks, but learning embeddings for phrases can be challenging. While separate embeddings are learned for each word, this is infeasible for every phrase. We construct phrase embeddings by learning how to compose word embeddings using features that capture phrase structure and context. We propose efficient unsupervised and task-specific learning objectives that scale our model to large datasets. We demonstrate improvements on both language modeling and several phrase semantic similarity tasks with various phrase lengths. We make the implementation of our model and the datasets available for general use. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T15:44:35Z","timestamp":1546011875000},"page":"227-242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Learning Composition Models for Phrase Embeddings"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Mo","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Machine Intelligence & Translation Lab, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China,"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Dredze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Language Technology Center of Excellence, Center for Language and                         Speech Processing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218,"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"key":"p_2","first-page":"1137","volume":"3","author":"Bengio Yoshua","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Machine Learning Research (JMLR)"},{"issue":"2","key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-013-5363-6","volume":"94","author":"Bordes Antoine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"p_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.3640","volume":"44","author":"Turney Peter D","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR)"}],"container-title":["Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1162\/tacl_a_00135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T21:38:39Z","timestamp":1615585119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/tacl\/article\/43269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":3,"alternative-id":["10.1162\/tacl_a_00135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/tacl_a_00135","relation":{},"ISSN":["2307-387X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2307-387X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}}}