{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:28:45Z","timestamp":1762298925243},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TACL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Multi-modal models that learn semantic representations from both linguistic and perceptual input outperform language-only models on a range of evaluations, and better reflect human concept acquisition. Most perceptual input to such models corresponds to concrete noun concepts and the superiority of the multi-modal approach has only been established when evaluating on such concepts. We therefore investigate which concepts can be effectively learned by multi-modal models. We show that concreteness determines both which linguistic features are most informative and the impact of perceptual input in such models. We then introduce ridge regression as a means of propagating perceptual information from concrete nouns to more abstract concepts that is more robust than previous approaches. Finally, we present weighted gram matrix combination, a means of combining representations from distinct modalities that outperforms alternatives when both modalities are sufficiently rich. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T15:43:26Z","timestamp":1546011806000},"page":"285-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Multi-Modal Models for Concrete and Abstract Concept                     Meaning"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Hill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge,"}]},{"given":"Roi","family":"Reichart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion - IIT, Haifa, Israel,"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge,"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016261","volume":"116","author":"Andrews Mark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929054021102"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.4135","volume":"49","author":"Bruni Elia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/0899766042321814"},{"issue":"23","key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/00437956.1954.11659520","volume":"10","author":"Harris Zellig","year":"1954","journal-title":"Word"},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/coli.2006.32.2.159"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-8765.2011.01176.x","volume":"4","author":"Johns Brendan T","year":"2012","journal-title":"Topics in Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-007-9048-2","volume":"42","author":"Kipper Karin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Language Resources and Evaluation"},{"key":"p_30","author":"Markman Arthur B","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23(1)."},{"issue":"4","key":"p_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03192726","volume":"37","author":"McRae Ken","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195588","volume":"36","author":"Nelson Douglas L","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers"},{"issue":"3","key":"p_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1037\/h0084295","volume":"45","author":"Paivio Allan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychology\/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie"},{"issue":"3","key":"p_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(76)90013-X","volume":"8","author":"Rosch Eleanor","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_41","first-page":"82","volume":"9","author":"Schwanenflugel Paula J","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.2934","volume":"37","author":"Turney Peter D","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of artificial intelligence research"}],"container-title":["Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1162\/tacl_a_00183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T21:38:56Z","timestamp":1615585136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/tacl\/article\/43336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.1162\/tacl_a_00183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/tacl_a_00183","relation":{},"ISSN":["2307-387X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2307-387X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}}}