{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T10:12:21Z","timestamp":1773310341917,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":220,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":356,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Despite extensive research efforts in recent years, computational argumentation (CA) remains one of the most challenging areas of natural language processing. The reason for this is the inherent complexity of the cognitive processes behind human argumentation, which integrate a plethora of different types of knowledge, ranging from topic-specific facts and common sense to rhetorical knowledge. The integration of knowledge from such a wide range in CA requires modeling capabilities far beyond many other natural language understanding tasks. Existing research on mining, assessing, reasoning over, and generating arguments largely acknowledges that much more knowledge is needed to accurately model argumentation computationally. However, a systematic overview of the types of knowledge introduced in existing CA models is missing, hindering targeted progress in the field. Adopting the operational definition of knowledge as any task-relevant normative information not provided as input, the survey paper at hand fills this gap by (1) proposing a taxonomy of types of knowledge required in CA tasks, (2) systematizing the large body of CA work according to the reliance on and exploitation of these knowledge types for the four main research areas in CA, and (3) outlining and discussing directions for future research efforts in CA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T17:46:32Z","timestamp":1671817592000},"page":"1392-1422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Scientia Potentia Est\u2014On the Role of Knowledge in Computational Argumentation"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Lauscher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MilaNLP, Bocconi University, Italy. anne.lauscher@unibocconi.it"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Wachsmuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Paderborn University, Germany. henningw@upb.de"}]},{"given":"Iryna","family":"Gurevych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab, TU Darmstadt, Germany. gurevych@ukp.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de"}]},{"given":"Goran","family":"Glava\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAIDAS, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Germany. goran.glavas@uni-wuerzburg.de"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4505","article-title":"Transferring knowledge from discourse to arguments: A case study with scientific abstracts","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Accuosto","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2922","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1290","article-title":"Modeling frames in argumentation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)","author":"Ajjour","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5115","article-title":"Unit segmentation of argumentative texts","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Ajjour","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5112","article-title":"What works and what does not: Classifier and feature analysis for argument mining","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Aker","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.sdp-1.7","article-title":"Argument mining for scholarly document processing: Taking stock and looking ahead","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Scholarly Document Processing","author":"Al Khatib","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7367","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i05.6231","article-title":"End-to-end argumentation knowledge graph construction","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Al Khatib","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7067","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.632","article-title":"Exploiting personal characteristics of debaters for predicting persuasiveness","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Khatib","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-1165","article-title":"Cross-domain mining of argumentative text through distant supervision","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","author":"Khatib","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.eacl-main.17","article-title":"Belief-based generation of argumentative claims","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Main Volume","author":"Alshomary","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1145\/3397271.3401186","article-title":"Extractive snippet generation for arguments","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","author":"Alshomary","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4334","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.399","article-title":"Target inference in argument conclusion generation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Alshomary","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib12","volume-title":"On Rhetoric: A Theory of Civic Discourse","author":"Aristotle","year":". 350 ...\/  2007"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib13","first-page":"81","article-title":"Sentiment analysis of citations using sentence structure-based features","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACL 2011 Student Session","author":"Athar","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022122317462766500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v38i3.2704","article-title":"Towards artificial argumentation","volume":"38","author":"Atkinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/E17-1024","article-title":"Stance classification of context-dependent claims","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 1, Long Papers","author":"Bar-Haim","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5104","article-title":"Improving claim stance classification with lexical knowledge expansion and context utilization","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Bar-Haim","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.3","article-title":"Quantitative argument summarization and beyond: Cross-domain key point analysis","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","author":"Bar-Haim","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.deelio-1.2","article-title":"Reconstructing implicit knowledge with language models","volume-title":"Proceedings of Deep Learning Inside Out (DeeLIO): The 2nd Workshop on Knowledge Extraction and Integration for Deep Learning Architectures","author":"Becker","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022122317462766500_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-010-9154-1","article-title":"A taxonomy of argumentation models used for knowledge representation","volume":"33","author":"Bentahar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022122317462766500_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-010-9154-1","article-title":"A taxonomy of argumentation models used for knowledge representation","volume":"33","author":"Bentahar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1097","article-title":"Argument invention from first principles","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Bilu","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-2085","article-title":"Claim synthesis via predicate recycling","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)","author":"Bilu","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00051","article-title":"Enriching word vectors with subword information","volume":"5","author":"Bojanowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-2107","article-title":"Back up your stance: Recognizing arguments in online discussions","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Argumentation Mining","author":"Boltu\u017ei\u0107","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W16-2815","article-title":"Fill the gap! Analyzing implicit premises between claims from online debates","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Argument Mining (ArgMining2016)","author":"Boltu\u017ei\u0107","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5210","article-title":"Toward stance classification based on claim microstructures","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis","author":"Boltu\u017ei\u0107","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-5211","article-title":"Frame- and entity-based knowledge for common-sense argumentative reasoning","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Botschen","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1075","article-title":"A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inference","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Bowman","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S18-1192","article-title":"TakeLab at SemEval-2018 task12: Argument reasoning comprehension with skip-thought vectors","volume-title":"Proceedings of The 12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation","author":"Brassard","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib30","first-page":"208","article-title":"Combining textual entailment and argumentation theory for supporting online debates interactions","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)","author":"Cabrio","year":"2012"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5427","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2018\/766","article-title":"Five years of argument mining: A data-driven analysis.","volume-title":"IJCAI","author":"Cabrio","year":"2018"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022122317462766500_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2006.05.003","article-title":"Generating and evaluating evaluative arguments","volume":"170","author":"Carenini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W15-0504","article-title":"Towards relation based argumentation mining","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Argumentation Mining","author":"Carstens","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1291","article-title":"AMPERSAND: Argument mining for PERSuAsive oNline discussions","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/E17-4008","article-title":"Assessing convincingness of arguments in online debates with limited number of features","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop at the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Chalaguine","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-6509","article-title":"Learning to flip the bias of news headlines","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Natural Language Generation","author":"Chen","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S18-1122","article-title":"GIST at SemEval-2018 task 12: A network transferring inference knowledge to argument reasoning comprehension task","volume-title":"Proceedings of The 12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation","author":"Choi","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib38","article-title":"Electra: Pre-training text encoders as discriminators rather than generators","volume-title":"International Conference on Learning Representations","author":"Clark","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1144","article-title":"Identifying attack and support argumentative relations using deep learning","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Cocarascu","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022122317462766500_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02151-0","article-title":"Recognizing textual entailment: Models and applications","volume":"6","author":"Dagan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1218","article-title":"What is the essence of a claim? Cross-domain claim identification","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Daxenberger","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-2028","article-title":"Computational ad hominem detection","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Student Research Workshop","author":"Delobelle","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib43","first-page":"4171","article-title":"BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)","author":"Devlin","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib44","volume-title":"Knowledge and the Flow of Information","author":"Dretske","year":"1981"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1145\/3331184.3331282","article-title":"A systematic comparison of methods for finding good premises for claims","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","author":"Dumani","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022122317462766500_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00041-X","article-title":"On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in nonmonotonic reasoning, logic programming and n-person games","volume":"77","author":"Dung","year":"1995","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-1094","article-title":"Exploring the role of prior beliefs for argument persuasion","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers)","author":"Durmus","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1057","article-title":"A corpus for modeling user and language effects in argumentation on online debating","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Durmus","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4630","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1456","article-title":"Determining relative argument specificity and stance for complex argumentative structures","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Durmus","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1245","article-title":"Argument mining on Twitter: Arguments, facts and sources","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Dusmanu","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W16-2816","article-title":"Summarising the points made in online political debates","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Argument Mining (ArgMining2016)","author":"Egan","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1002","article-title":"Neural end-to-end learning for computational argumentation mining","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"Eger","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib53","first-page":"831","article-title":"Cross-lingual argumentation mining: Machine translation (and a bit of projection) is all you need!","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Eger","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4506","article-title":"The Swedish PoliGraph: A semantic graph for argument mining of Swedish parliamentary data","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Eide","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-8607","article-title":"Computational argumentation synthesis as a language modeling task","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Natural Language Generation","author":"El Baff","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/K18-1044","article-title":"Challenge or empower: Revisiting argumentation quality in a news editorial corpus","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning","author":"El Baff","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3154","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.287","article-title":"Analyzing the persuasive effect of style in news editorial argumentation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"El Baff","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib58","first-page":"987","article-title":"Classifying arguments by scheme","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","author":"Feng","year":"2011"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.48","article-title":"Social chemistry 101: Learning to reason about social and moral norms","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","author":"Forbes","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0357-5","volume-title":"Argument Structure: Representation and Theory","author":"Freeman","year":"2011"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-5201","article-title":"Argumentative link prediction using residual networks and multi-objective learning","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Galassi","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.5477","article-title":"Survey of the state of the art in natural language generation: Core tasks, applications and evaluation","volume":"61","author":"Gatt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1049","article-title":"Decompositional argument mining: A general purpose approach for argument graph construction","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Gemechu","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-2089","article-title":"Coarse-grained argumentation features for scoring persuasive essays","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)","author":"Ghosh","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022122317462766500_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/030631277700700112","article-title":"Referencing as persuasion","volume":"7","author":"Nigel Gilbert","year":"1977","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1093","article-title":"Are you convinced? Choosing the more convincing evidence with a Siamese network","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Gleize","year":"2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022122317462766500_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.2307\/2024268","article-title":"A causal theory of knowing","volume":"64","author":"Goldman","year":"1967","journal-title":"The Journal of Philosophy"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib68","first-page":"7","article-title":"Internet and the flow of knowledge: Which ethical and political challenges will we face?","author":"Gottschalk-Mazouz","year":"2013","journal-title":"From ontos verlag: Publications of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society-New Series (Volumes 1\u201318)"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407236-7.00002-4","article-title":"Moral foundations theory: The pragmatic validity of moral pluralism","volume-title":"Advances in Experimental Social Psychology","author":"Graham","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022122317462766500_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015141","article-title":"Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations","volume":"96","author":"Graham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.47","article-title":"The workweek is the best time to start a family \u2013 a study of GPT-2 based claim generation","volume-title":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020","author":"Gretz","year":"2020"},{"issue":"05","key":"2022122317462766500_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7805","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i05.6285","article-title":"A large-scale dataset for argument quality ranking: Construction and analysis","volume":"34","author":"Gretz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.740","article-title":"Incorporating topic aspects for online comment convincingness evaluation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Yunfan","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8342","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.740","article-title":"Don\u2019t stop pretraining: Adapt language models to domains and tasks","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Gururangan","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib75","article-title":"Argumentation mining on the web from information seeking perspective.","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Frontiers and Connections between Argumentation Theory and Natural Language Processing","author":"Habernal","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1129","article-title":"What makes a convincing argument? Empirical analysis and detecting attributes of convincingness in web argumentation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Habernal","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1150","article-title":"Which argument is more convincing? Analyzing and predicting convincingness of web arguments using bidirectional LSTM","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"Habernal","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022122317462766500_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1162\/COLI_a_00276","article-title":"Argumentation mining in user-generated web discourse","volume":"43","author":"Habernal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib79","article-title":"Adapting serious game for fallacious argumentation to German: Pitfalls, insights, and best practices","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018)","author":"Habernal","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-1175","article-title":"The argument reasoning comprehension task: Identification and reconstruction of implicit warrants","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers)","author":"Habernal","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-1036","article-title":"Before name-calling: Dynamics and triggers of ad hominem fallacies in web argumentation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers)","author":"Habernal","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4684","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1463","article-title":"Yes, we can! Mining arguments in 50 years of US presidential campaign debates","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Haddadan","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022122317462766500_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1162\/0011526042365555","article-title":"Intuitive ethics: How innately prepared intuitions generate culturally variable virtues","volume":"133","author":"Haidt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Daedalus"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib84","volume-title":"Fallacies","author":"Hamblin","year":"1970"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1083","article-title":"Why are you taking this stance? Identifying and classifying reasons in ideological debates","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","author":"Hasan","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022122317462766500_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1933-1592.2002.tb00201.x","article-title":"Deeply contingent a priori knowledge","volume":"65","author":"Hawthorne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4512","article-title":"The utility of discourse parsing features for predicting argumentation structure","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Hewett","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib88","first-page":"1756","article-title":"Fixed that for you: Generating contrastive claims with semantic edits","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)","author":"Hidey","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5107","article-title":"Argument relation classification using a joint inference model","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Hou","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib90","first-page":"2790","article-title":"Parameter-efficient transfer learning for NLP","volume-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Houlsby","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022122317462766500_bib91","first-page":"755","article-title":"Mining opinion features in customer reviews","volume":"4","author":"Minqing","year":"2004","journal-title":"AAAI"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1255","article-title":"Argument generation with retrieval, planning, and realization","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Hua","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib93","first-page":"2131","article-title":"Argument mining for understanding peer reviews","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)","author":"Hua","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-1021","article-title":"Neural argument generation augmented with externally retrieved evidence","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"Hua","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1055","article-title":"Sentence-level content planning and style specification for neural text generation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)","author":"Hua","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4504","article-title":"Aligning discourse and argumentation structures using subtrees and redescription mining","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Huber","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib97","first-page":"3703","article-title":"Incorporating argument-level interactions for persuasion comments evaluation using co-attention model","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Ji","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib98","article-title":"A survey on knowledge graphs: Representation, acquisition, and applications","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4502","article-title":"A cascade model for proposition extraction in argumentation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Jo","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.4","article-title":"Unsupervised stance detection for arguments from consequences","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","author":"Kobbe","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib101","first-page":"30","article-title":"Exploring morality in argumentation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Kobbe","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4518","article-title":"Gradual argumentation evaluation for stance aggregation in automated fake news detection","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Kotonya","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib103","first-page":"42","article-title":"An open-source package for recognizing textual entailment","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACL 2010 System Demonstrations","author":"Kouylekov","year":"2010"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Richard Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3326","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1370","article-title":"Investigating the role of argumentation in the rhetorical analysis of scientific publications with neural multi-task learning models","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Lauscher","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.naacl-main.137","article-title":"Multicite: Modeling realistic citations requires moving beyond the single-sentence single-label setting","author":"Lauscher","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.00414"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.deelio-1.5","article-title":"Common sense or world knowledge? Investigating adapter-based knowledge injection into pretrained transformers","volume-title":"Proceedings of Deep Learning Inside Out (DeeLIO): The First Workshop on Knowledge Extraction and Integration for Deep Learning Architectures","author":"Lauscher","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4563","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.402","article-title":"Rhetoric, logic, and dialectic: Advancing theory-based argument quality assessment in natural language processing","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Lauscher","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W15-0516","article-title":"Combining argument mining techniques","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Argumentation Mining","author":"Lawrence","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5105","article-title":"Mining argumentative structure from natural language text using automatically generated premise-conclusion topic models","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Lawrence","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5114","article-title":"Using complex argumentative interactions to reconstruct the argumentative structure of large-scale debates","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Lawrence","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022122317462766500_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1162\/coli_a_00364","article-title":"Argument mining: A survey","volume":"45","author":"Lawrence","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-5215","article-title":"Dave the debater: A retrieval-based and generative argumentative dialogue agent","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Le","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5110","article-title":"Unsupervised corpus\u2013wide claim detection","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Levy","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8905","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.716","article-title":"Exploring the role of argument structure in online debate persuasion","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","author":"Li","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W16-2817","article-title":"What to do with an airport? Mining arguments in the German online participation project tempelhofer feld","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Argument Mining (ArgMining2016)","author":"Liebeck","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S18-1188","article-title":"HHU at SemEval-2018 task 12: Analyzing an ensemble-based deep learning approach for the argument mining task of choosing the correct warrant","volume-title":"Proceedings of The 12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation","author":"Liebeck","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4511","article-title":"Argumentative evidences classification and argument scheme detection using tree kernels","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Liga","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib119","first-page":"1274","article-title":"Common sense beyond english: Evaluating and improving multilingual language models for commonsense reasoning","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"Lin","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4508","article-title":"Lexicon guided attentive neural network model for argument mining","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Lin","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28460-6_10","article-title":"Argument mining: A machine learning perspective","volume-title":"International Workshop on Theory and Applications of Formal Argumentation","author":"Lippi","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022122317462766500_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02145-9","article-title":"Sentiment analysis and opinion mining","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2008.94","article-title":"Modeling and predicting the helpfulness of online reviews","volume-title":"2008 Eighth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining","author":"Liu","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022122317462766500_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/07350190701577892","article-title":"Rethinking rhetoric from an indian perspective: Implications in the \u201cnyaya sutra\u201d","volume":"26","author":"Lloyd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rhetoric Review"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-5208","article-title":"Argument component classification for classroom discussions","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Lugini","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/E17-1070","article-title":"Argument strength is in the eye of the beholder: Audience effects in persuasion","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 1, Long Papers","author":"Lukin","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022122317462766500_bib127","first-page":"263","article-title":"Argument schemes and dialogue protocols: Doug Walton\u2019s legacy in artificial intelligence","volume":"8","author":"McBurney","year":"2021","journal-title":"IfCoLoG Journal of Logics and their Applications"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib128","first-page":"25","article-title":"Automatic detection and classification of argument components using multi-task deep neural network","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Natural Language and Speech Processing","author":"Mensonides","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib129","first-page":"3111","article-title":"Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"Mikolov","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022122317462766500_bib130","first-page":"60","article-title":"A deep learning-based method of argumentative zoning for research articles","volume":"4","author":"Mo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022122317462766500_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/AAC-170025","article-title":"Argumentation mining: How can a machine acquire common sense and world knowledge?","volume":"9","author":"Moens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Argument & Computation"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-5202","article-title":"End-to-end argument mining for discussion threads based on parallel constrained pointer architecture","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Morio","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3259","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.298","article-title":"Towards better non-tree argument mining: Proposition-level biaffine parsing with task- specific parameterization","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Morio","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1091","article-title":"Argument mining with structured SVMs and RNNs","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"Niculae","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4658","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1459","article-title":"Probing neural network comprehension of natural language arguments","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Niven","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-2104","article-title":"Ontology-based argument mining and automatic essay scoring","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Argumentation Mining","author":"Ong","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4503","article-title":"Dissecting content and context in argumentative relation analysis","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Opitz","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W18-5205","article-title":"Predicting the usefulness of Amazon reviews using off-the-shelf argumentation mining","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Passon","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib139","first-page":"319","article-title":"Argumentative relation classification with background knowledge","volume-title":"Computational Models of Argument","author":"Paul","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1110","article-title":"Joint prediction in MST-style discourse parsing for argumentation mining","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Peldszus","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1162","article-title":"GloVe: Global vectors for word representation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","author":"Pennington","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib142","first-page":"229","article-title":"Modeling organization in student essays","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Persing","year":"2010"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib143","first-page":"260","article-title":"Modeling thesis clarity in student essays","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"Persing","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1144","article-title":"Modeling prompt adherence in student essays","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"Persing","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P15-1053","article-title":"Modeling argument strength in student essays","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"Persing","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-1164","article-title":"End-to-end argumentation mining in student essays","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","author":"Persing","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1205","article-title":"Modeling stance in student essays","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"Persing","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4082","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/570","article-title":"Why can\u2019t you convince me? Modeling weaknesses in unpersuasive arguments","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-17","author":"Persing","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib149","first-page":"6795","article-title":"Unsupervised argumentation mining in student essays","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference","author":"Persing","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4501","article-title":"Segmentation of argumentative texts with contextualised word representations","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Petasis","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib151","volume-title":"Theaetetus","author":"Plato","year":". 400 ...","edition":"2014 edition"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib152","article-title":"Combining modular skills in multitask learning","author":"Ponti","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2202.13914"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.185","article-title":"Xcopa: A multilingual dataset for causal commonsense reasoning","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","author":"Ponti","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.35","article-title":"Predicting stance change using modular architectures","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Porco","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib155","first-page":"342","article-title":"Length, interchangeability, and external knowledge: Observations from predicting argument convincingness","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"Potash","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4517","article-title":"Ranking passages for argument convincingness","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Potash","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1143","article-title":"Here\u2019s my point: Joint pointer architecture for argument mining","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Potash","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1145\/3331184.3331327","article-title":"Argument search: Assessing argument relevance","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 42nd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","author":"Potthast","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4932","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1487","article-title":"Explain yourself! Leveraging language models for commonsense reasoning","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Rajani","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-2005","article-title":"Is something better than nothing? Automatically predicting stance-based arguments using deep learning and small labelled dataset","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers)","author":"Rajendran","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib161","article-title":"Sentiment- stance-specificity (SSS) dataset: Identifying support-based entailment among opinions.","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018)","author":"Rajendran","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib162","first-page":"61","article-title":"Stance classification in online debates by recognizing users\u2019 intentions","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2013 Conference","author":"Ranade","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1054","article-title":"Classification and clustering of arguments with contextualized word embeddings","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Reimers","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W15-0507","article-title":"A computational approach for generating toulmin model argumentation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Argumentation Mining","author":"Reisert","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1050","article-title":"Show me your evidence\u2014an automatic method for context dependent evidence detection","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Rinott","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5111","article-title":"Using question- answering techniques to implement a knowledge-driven argument mining approach","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Saint-Dizier","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-tutorials.7","article-title":"Commonsense reasoning for natural language processing","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Tutorial Abstracts","author":"Sap","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P15-4019","article-title":"End-to-end argument generation system in debating","volume-title":"Proceedings of ACL-IJCNLP 2015 System Demonstrations","author":"Sato","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022122317462766500_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1515\/itit-2020-0053","article-title":"Argument mining on Twitter: A survey","volume":"63","author":"Schaefer","year":"2021","journal-title":"it-Information Technology"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.naacl-main.34","article-title":"Aspect-controlled neural argument generation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","author":"Schiller","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-2006","article-title":"Multi-task learning for argumentation mining in low-resource settings","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers)","author":"Schulz","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.238","article-title":"Toward stance- based personas for opinionated dialogues","volume-title":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020","author":"Scialom","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-2095","article-title":"Will it blend? blending weak and strong labeled data in a neural network for argumentation mining","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)","author":"Shnarch","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1140","article-title":"GRASP: Rich patterns for argumentation mining","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Shnarch","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00026","article-title":"Finding convincing arguments using scalable Bayesian preference learning","volume":"6","author":"Simpson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5746","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.509","article-title":"Agreement prediction of arguments in cyber argumentation for detecting stance polarity and intensity","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Sirrianni","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.eacl-main.147","article-title":"Learning from revisions: Quality assessment of claims in argumentation at scale","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Main Volume","author":"Skitalinskaya","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4 pages","DOI":"10.3233\/978-1-61499-906-5-4","article-title":"Project Debater.","volume-title":"Proceedings of COMMA","author":"Slonim","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W15-0509","article-title":"From argumentation mining to stance classification","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Argumentation Mining","author":"Sobhani","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/E17-2088","article-title":"A dataset for multi-target stance detection","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 2, Short Papers","author":"Sobhani","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib181","first-page":"1631","article-title":"Recursive deep models for semantic compositionality over a sentiment treebank","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Socher","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib182","first-page":"116","article-title":"Recognizing stances in ideological on-line debates","volume-title":"Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Computational Approaches to Analysis and Generation of Emotion in Text","author":"Somasundaran","year":"2010"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W14-2110","article-title":"Applying argumentation schemes for essay scoring","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First Workshop on Argumentation Mining","author":"Yi","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W19-4509","article-title":"Is it worth the attention? A comparative evaluation of attention layers for argument unit segmentation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Splieth\u00f6ver","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N18-5005","article-title":"Argumentext: Searching for arguments in heterogeneous sources","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations","author":"Stab","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1006","article-title":"Identifying argumentative discourse structures in persuasive essays","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","author":"Stab","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W16-2813","article-title":"Recognizing the absence of opposing arguments in persuasive essays","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Argument Mining (ArgMining2016)","author":"Stab","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022122317462766500_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1162\/COLI_a_00295","article-title":"Parsing argumentation structures in persuasive essays","volume":"43","author":"Stab","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/E17-1092","article-title":"Recognizing insufficiently supported arguments in argumentative essays","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 1, Long Papers","author":"Stab","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1402","article-title":"Cross-topic argument mining from heterogeneous sources","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Stab","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022122317462766500_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02169-5","article-title":"Argumentation mining","volume":"11","author":"Stede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S18-1191","article-title":"Joker at SemEval-2018 task 12: The argument reasoning comprehension with neural attention","volume-title":"Proceedings of The 12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation","author":"Sui","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib193","first-page":"2399","article-title":"Stance detection with hierarchical attention network","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Sun","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5384","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.470","article-title":"News editorials: Towards summarizing long argumentative texts","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Syed","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1145\/2872427.2883081","article-title":"Winning arguments: Interaction dynamics and persuasion strategies in good-faith online discussions","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web","author":"Tan","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022122317462766500_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/0261927X09351676","article-title":"The psychological meaning of words: Liwc and computerized text analysis methods","volume":"29","author":"Tausczik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Language and Social Psychology"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3115\/977035.977051","article-title":"An annotation scheme for discourse-level argumentation in research articles","volume-title":"Ninth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Teufel","year":"1999"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.3115\/1699648.1699696","article-title":"Towards domain-independent argumentative zoning: Evidence from chemistry and computational linguistics","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2009 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing","author":"Teufel","year":"2009"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S18-1184","article-title":"ECNU at SemEval-2018 task 12: An end-to-end attention-based neural network for the argument reasoning comprehension task","volume-title":"Proceedings of The 12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation","author":"Tian","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5625","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1564","article-title":"Automatic argument quality assessment\u2014new datasets and methods","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)","author":"Toledo","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W16-2814","article-title":"Expert stance graphs for computational argumentation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Argument Mining (ArgMining2016)","author":"Toledo-Ronen","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.29","article-title":"Multilingual argument mining: Datasets and analysis","volume-title":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020","author":"Toledo-Ronen","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511840005","volume-title":"The Uses of Argument","author":"Toulmin","year":"2003","edition":"updated edition"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib204","first-page":"41","article-title":"Aspect-based argument mining","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Trautmann","year":"2020"},{"issue":"05","key":"2022122317462766500_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9048","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i05.6438","article-title":"Fine-grained argument unit recognition and classification","volume":"34","author":"Trautmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2022122317462766500_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(96)00041-0","article-title":"Abstract argumentation systems","volume":"90","author":"Vreeswijk","year":"1997","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib207","first-page":"1680","article-title":"Using argument mining to assess the argumentation quality of essays","volume-title":"Proceedings of COLING 2016, the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers","author":"Wachsmuth","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/E17-1017","article-title":"Computational argumentation quality assessment in natural language","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 1, Long Papers","author":"Wachsmuth","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W17-5106","article-title":"Building an argument search engine for the web","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Argument Mining","author":"Wachsmuth","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib210","first-page":"3753","article-title":"Argumentation synthesis following rhetorical strategies","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Wachsmuth","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/E17-1105","article-title":"\u201cPageRank\u201d for argument relevance","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 1, Long Papers","author":"Wachsmuth","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib212","first-page":"553","article-title":"Modeling review argumentation for robust sentiment analysis","volume-title":"Proceedings of COLING 2014, the 25th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Technical Papers","author":"Wachsmuth","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6739","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.592","article-title":"Intrinsic quality assessment of arguments","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Wachsmuth","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511802034","volume-title":"Argumentation Schemes","author":"Walton","year":"2008"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5480","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.coling-main.478","article-title":"Argumentation mining on essays at multi scales","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Wang","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N16-1007","article-title":"Neural network-based abstract generation for opinions and arguments","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","author":"Wang","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-2032","article-title":"Is this post persuasive? Ranking argumentative comments in online forum","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)","author":"Wei","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib218","article-title":"A broad-coverage challenge corpus for sentence understanding through inference","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3620","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/N19-1364","article-title":"Let\u2019s make your request more persuasive: Modeling persuasive strategies via semi-supervised neural nets on crowdfunding platforms","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)","author":"Yang","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022122317462766500_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3115\/1118253.1118262","article-title":"Using argumentation strategies in automated argument generation","volume-title":"INLG\u20192000 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Natural Language Generation","author":"Zukerman","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/tacl\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/tacl_a_00525\/2064612\/tacl_a_00525.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/tacl\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/tacl_a_00525\/2064612\/tacl_a_00525.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T17:47:12Z","timestamp":1671817632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/tacl\/article\/doi\/10.1162\/tacl_a_00525\/114314\/Scientia-Potentia-Est-On-the-Role-of-Knowledge-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":220,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/tacl_a_00525","relation":{},"ISSN":["2307-387X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2307-387X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}