{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T11:05:51Z","timestamp":1778756751961,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Italy is characterized by a one-of-a-kind linguistic diversity landscape in Europe, which implicitly encodes local knowledge, cultural traditions, artistic expressions, and history of its speakers. However, most local languages and dialects in Italy are at risk of disappearing within a few generations. The NLP community has recently begun to engage with endangered languages, including those of Italy. Yet, most efforts assume that these varieties are under-resourced language monoliths with an established written form and homogeneous functions and needs, and thus highly interchangeable with each other and with high-resource, standardized languages. In this paper, we introduce the linguistic context of Italy and challenge the default machine-centric assumptions of NLP for Italy\u2019s language varieties. We advocate for a shift in the paradigm from machine-centric to speaker-centric NLP, and provide recommendations and opportunities for work that prioritizes languages and their speakers over technological advances. To facilitate the process, we finally propose building a local community towards responsible, participatory efforts aimed at supporting vitality of languages and dialects of Italy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T14:39:41Z","timestamp":1704983981000},"page":"19-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Language Varieties of Italy: Technology Challenges and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Ramponi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy. alramponi@fbk.eu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib1","first-page":"4344","article-title":"Towards a cleaner document-oriented multilingual crawled corpus","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference","author":"Abadji","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib2","first-page":"1856","article-title":"The AMARA corpus: Building parallel language resources for the educational domain","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC\u201914)","author":"Abdelali","year":"2014"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Findings of the VarDial evaluation campaign 2022","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects","author":"Aepli","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.vardial-1.25","article-title":"Findings of the VarDial evaluation campaign 2023","volume-title":"Tenth Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects (VarDial 2023)","author":"Aepli","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib5","first-page":"2230","article-title":"A curated database for linguistic research: The test case of Cimbrian varieties","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC\u201912)","author":"Agosti","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib6","first-page":"2529","article-title":"Part-of-speech tagging on an endangered language: A parallel Griko-Italian resource","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Anastasopoulos","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib7","first-page":"412","article-title":"SardaNet: A linguistic resource for Sardinian language","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th Global Wordnet Conference","author":"Angioni","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib8","volume-title":"Lingue e Dialetti d\u2019Italia","author":"Avolio","year":"2009"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W15-4319","article-title":"Shared tasks of the 2015 workshop on noisy user-generated text: Twitter lexical normalization and named entity recognition","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text","author":"Baldwin","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib10","volume-title":"Atlante Linguistico Italiano","author":"Bartoli","year":"1995"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib11","first-page":"316","article-title":"Collecting and annotating corpora for three under-resourced languages of France: Methodological issues","volume":"15","author":"Bernhard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Language Documentation & Conservation"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib12","article-title":"Corpora with part-of-speech annotations for three regional languages of France: Alsatian, Occitan and Picard","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018)","author":"Bernhard","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib13","first-page":"57","article-title":"Lingua, dialetto, diglossia, dilal\u00eca","volume-title":"Romania et Slavia Adriatica","author":"Berruto","year":"1987"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511486623.005","article-title":"Dialect\/standard convergence, mixing, and models of language contact: The case of Italy","author":"Berruto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dialect Change: Convergence and Divergence in European Languages"},{"key":"2024011114393250900_bib15","first-page":"101","article-title":"Quale dialetto per l\u2019Italia del duemila? 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