{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:06:29Z","timestamp":1790881589692,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"MIT Press","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Building and validating functional robot bodies at the milli- and microscale remains a challenge in studying and imitating living behavior. Traditional fabrication methods, such as 3D printing, often require multiple steps, are time-consuming, and may not be cost-effective. To overcome these limitations, photolithographic methods, commonly used in microchip manufacturing and 3D printing of photoreactive materials, offer advantages, including high precision, scalability, repeatability, and rapid production. Here, we present a method for the rapid, parallel fabrication of magnetically functionalized hydrogel-based robots. With our device, the Magni-DOME, robots can be fabricated and directly characterized within the same setup and production cycle, thanks to its integration of high-precision projection and magnetic control for both fabrication and actuation. This approach enables the scalable production of diverse photoreactive hydrogel-based structures by combining photolithography with magnetic patterning. We demonstrate the utility of this method by fabricating a variety of magnetic hydrogel-based robots with different shapes and sizes in parallel and validating the behavior of selected designs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/artl.a.489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:25:01Z","timestamp":1790879101000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid Parallel Fabrication and Control of Diverse Microrobotic Structures with Magnetic Functionalization"],"prefix":"10.1162","author":[{"given":"Nitirak","family":"Rayabphand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol. nitirak.rayabphand@bristol.ac.uk"},{"name":"Bristol Robotics Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neshika","family":"Wijewardhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol. neshika.wijewardhane@bristol.ac.uk"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norah-Jane","family":"Prendergast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol. norah-jane.prendergast@bristol.ac.uk"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P. K.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol. james.armstrong@bristol.ac.uk"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London. d.zhang17@imperial.ac.uk"},{"name":"Innovation Hub"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Hauert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Robotics Laboratory"},{"name":"University of Bristol. sabine.hauert@bristol.ac.uk"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"container-title":["Artificial Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/artl\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/ARTL.a.489\/2630216\/artl.a.489.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/artl\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/ARTL.a.489\/2630216\/artl.a.489.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:25:01Z","timestamp":1790879101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/artl\/article\/doi\/10.1162\/ARTL.a.489\/139145\/Rapid-Parallel-Fabrication-and-Control-of-Diverse"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/artl.a.489","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-5462","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-9185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]}}}