{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:33:00Z","timestamp":1792787580724,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":313,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG061389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG061389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32AG072808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32AG072808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AG062728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AG062728"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23POST1011634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23POST1011634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS104772"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS104772"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["DMR-1644779"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-1644779"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["S10 OD021726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10 OD021726"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Walking on uneven terrain becomes more difficult as we age, and gait becomes less automatic. Using mobile brain imaging via high-density electroencephalography (EEG) can provide insight into the neural mechanisms contributing to reduced mobility capability with aging. The objective of this study was to quantify age differences in electrocortical dynamics during uneven terrain walking, both averaged across many strides and variations within a stride. We included 31 young adults and 71 older adults for analysis. All participants walked on an uneven terrain treadmill with four levels of terrain difficulty at their self-selected speed. Compared with younger adults, older adults exhibited a greater increase in step duration variability and mediolateral sacral excursion variability as the terrain became more uneven. We identified multiple brain regions involved during walking on uneven terrain. Regardless of age group, walking on uneven terrain compared with flat terrain led to a widespread change of electrocortical dynamics in the brain, especially in the alpha (8\u201313 Hz) and beta (13\u201330 Hz) band power. In the parieto-occipital region, younger adults experienced a greater reduction in alpha and beta power with increasing terrain unevenness than older adults. We also assessed how intra-stride power fluctuations changed with terrain unevenness and age group. Greater intra-stride power spectral fluctuations in the occipital area were associated with greater terrain unevenness for younger adults, but not for older adults. In summary, older adults showed a greater increase in gait variability than younger adults as the terrain became more uneven, but exhibited a lack of modulation of parieto-occipital activity in response to terrain unevenness. The lack of task-related power modulation may suggest reduced cortical network flexibility in older adults. The absence of increased parieto-occipital activity when walking on uneven versus flat surfaces in older adults may also indicate that, unlike younger adults, older adults already heavily rely on visual processes during flat surface walking and may, therefore, have reduced occipital modulation range remaining to cope with the visuomotor processing demands of walking on uneven surfaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag.a.1039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T23:53:58Z","timestamp":1762818838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Age differences in electrocortical dynamics during uneven terrain walking"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0381-4136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika M.","family":"Pliner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Salminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Downey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungyun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arkaprava","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryland","family":"Swearinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Richer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Applied Health, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J.","family":"Hass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"},{"name":"Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"},{"name":"Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd M.","family":"Manini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yenisel","family":"Cruz-Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael D.","family":"Seidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"},{"name":"McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Ferris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"},{"name":"McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-7657.2007.00505.x","article-title":"Falls in the elderly: What can be done?","volume":"54","author":"Akyol","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Nursing Review"},{"issue":"15","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6921","DOI":"10.3390\/s23156921","article-title":"Faster walking speeds require greater activity from the primary motor cortex in older adults compared to younger adults","volume":"23","author":"Alcock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.07.013","article-title":"Unidirectional brain to muscle connectivity reveals motor cortex control of leg muscles during stereotyped walking","volume":"159","author":"Artoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.025","article-title":"A reproducible evaluation of ANTs similarity metric performance in brain image registration","volume":"54","author":"Avants","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.02.065","article-title":"Evidence for age-related changes in sensorimotor neuromagnetic responses during cued button pressing in a large open-access dataset","volume":"193","author":"Bardouille","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2021.08.019","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical activity during preferred and fast walking in young and older adults: An fNIRS study","volume":"473","author":"Belli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological)"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945341","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.945341","article-title":"Mobile electroencephalography captures differences of walking over even and uneven terrain but not of single and dual-task gait","volume":"4","author":"Blum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2023.112102","article-title":"Age-related changes in gait biomechanics and their impact on the metabolic cost of walking: Report from a National Institute on Aging workshop","volume":"173","author":"Boyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Experimental Gerontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00089.2015","article-title":"Electrocortical activity distinguishes between uphill and level walking in humans","volume":"115","author":"Bradford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.276566","article-title":"Mobility limitation in the older patient: A clinical review","volume":"310","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"83","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20120999","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2012.0999","article-title":"Assessing the stability of human locomotion: A review of current measures","volume":"10","author":"Bruijn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00593","article-title":"Beta activity in the premotor cortex is increased during stabilized as compared to normal walking","volume":"9","author":"Bruijn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.12.015","article-title":"Statistical precision and sensitivity of measures of dynamic gait stability","volume":"178","author":"Bruijn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105489","article-title":"Trajectories and contributing factors of neural compensation in healthy and pathological aging","volume":"156","author":"Bunzeck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561755","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.561755","article-title":"Overground walking decreases alpha activity and entrains eye movements in humans","volume":"14","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00246","article-title":"Automaticity of walking: Functional significance, mechanisms, measurement and rehabilitation strategies","volume":"9","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu125","article-title":"Enhanced somatosensory feedback reduces prefrontal cortical activity during walking in older adults","volume":"69","author":"Clark","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark, D. J., Manini, T. M., Ferris, D. P., Hass, C. J., Brumback, B. A., Cruz-Almeida, Y., Pahor, M., Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., & Seidler, R. D. (2020). Multimodal imaging of brain activity to investigate walking and mobility decline in older adults (mind in motion study): Hypothesis, theory, and methods. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 11, 358. https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00358","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00358"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.06.004","article-title":"A neural microcircuit for cognitive conflict detection and signaling","volume":"37","author":"Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b21","article-title":"Frontal theta oscillations and cognitive flexibility: Age-related modulations in EEG activity","author":"Darna","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm155","article-title":"Qu\u00e9 PASA? The posterior\u2013anterior shift in aging","volume":"18","author":"Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00744-x","article-title":"Parameterizing neural power spectra into periodic and aperiodic components","volume":"23","author":"Donoghue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"19","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s23198214","article-title":"iCanClean removes motion, muscle, eye, and line-noise artifacts from phantom EEG","volume":"23","author":"Downey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0278646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278646","article-title":"Uneven terrain treadmill walking in younger and older adults","volume":"17","author":"Downey","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2015.01.011","article-title":"Taking the next step: Cortical contributions to the control of locomotion","volume":"33","author":"Drew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.03.079","article-title":"Cortical beta oscillations are associated with motor performance following visuomotor learning","volume":"195","author":"Espenhahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0187763","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187763","article-title":"Reduced visual attention in heterogeneous textures is reflected in occipital alpha and theta band activity","volume":"12","author":"Feldmann-W\u00fcstefeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2019.07.007","article-title":"Becoming aware of subliminal responses: An EEG\/EMG study on partial error detection and correction in humans","volume":"120","author":"Ficarella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2015.01.012","article-title":"Advanced age brings a greater reliance on visual feedback to maintain balance during walking","volume":"40","author":"Franz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Movement Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2015.01.003","article-title":"Interactions of sex and aging on spatiotemporal metrics in non-pathological gait: A descriptive meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Frimenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020928","article-title":"iCanClean improves independent component analysis of mobile brain imaging with EEG","volume":"23","author":"Gonsisko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.04.031","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in older adults at risk for disability","volume":"33","author":"Groessl","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2023.3301528","article-title":"Neural correlates of abnormal cortical gait control in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A whole-gait-cycle EEG study","volume":"71","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.08.066","article-title":"Electrocortical activity is coupled to gait cycle phase during treadmill walking","volume":"54","author":"Gwin","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1543-2","article-title":"Ability to walk 1\/4 mile predicts subsequent disability, mortality, and health care costs","volume":"26","author":"Hardy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2018.03.010","article-title":"Prefrontal over-activation during walking in people with mobility deficits: Interpretation and functional implications","volume":"59","author":"Hawkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Movement Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b39","first-page":"879","article-title":"fNIRS study of walking and walking while talking in young and old individuals","volume":"66A","author":"Holtzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology: Series A"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389488","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1389488","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical activity during uneven terrain walking in younger and older adults","volume":"16","author":"Hwang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"17","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284505","article-title":"Electrocortical activity correlated with locomotor adaptation during split-belt treadmill walking","volume":"601","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945341","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.945341","article-title":"Mobile electroencephalography captures differences of walking over even and uneven terrain but not of single and dual-task gait","volume":"4","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b43","article-title":"The BeMoBIL Pipeline for automated analyses of multimodal mobile brain and body imaging data","author":"Klug","year":"2022","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2023.3281356","article-title":"Comparison of EEG source localization using simplified and anatomically accurate head models in younger and older adults","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00097","article-title":"Electrical brain activity during human walking with parametric variations in terrain unevenness and walking speed","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Imaging Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.01.010","article-title":"Functional implications of muscle co-contraction during gait in advanced age","volume":"53","author":"Lo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.09.005","article-title":"Age-related changes in gait for multi-surface terrain","volume":"27","author":"Marigold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024","article-title":"Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data","volume":"164","author":"Maris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.004","article-title":"Three-dimensional locations and boundaries of motor and premotor cortices as defined by functional brain imaging: A meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Mayka","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2017.08.002","article-title":"The impact of mobility limitations on health outcomes among older adults","volume":"39","author":"Musich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geriatric Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"056024","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/aad7d7","article-title":"Dual-electrode motion artifact cancellation for mobile electroencephalography","volume":"15","author":"Nordin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41131-2","article-title":"Human electrocortical dynamics while stepping over obstacles","volume":"9","author":"Nordin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-018-0633-z","article-title":"Cognitive processing for step precision increases beta and gamma band modulation during overground walking","volume":"31","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Topography"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2017.12.004","article-title":"Cortical control of upright stance in elderly","volume":"169","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mechanisms of Ageing and Development"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b55","unstructured":"Palmer, J., Kreutz-Delgado, K., & Makeig, S. (2011). AMICA: An Adaptive Mixture of Independent Component Analyzers with Shared Components. https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/AMICA-%3A-An-Adaptive-Mixture-of-Independent-with-Palmer-Kreutz-Delgado\/5774e96ad450c228400dc311f16caf1f20967c10"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(96)00066-9","article-title":"Event-related synchronization (ERS) in the alpha band\u2014An electrophysiological correlate of cortical idling: A review","volume":"24","author":"Pfurtscheller","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology: Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(95)00258-8","article-title":"Post-movement beta synchronization. A correlate of an idling motor area?","volume":"98","author":"Pfurtscheller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.026","article-title":"ICLabel: An automated electroencephalographic independent component classifier, dataset, and website","volume":"198","author":"Pion-Tonachini","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94874-2","article-title":"EEG beta-modulations reflect age-specific motor resource allocation during dual-task walking","volume":"11","author":"Protzak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105718","article-title":"Mobile neuroimaging: What we have learned about the neural control of human walking, with an emphasis on EEG-based research","volume":"162","author":"Richer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.05.021","article-title":"Functional significance of age-related differences in motor activation patterns","volume":"32","author":"Riecker","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00544.2024","article-title":"Gait speed related changes in electrocortical activity in younger and older adults","volume":"133","author":"Salminen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1177\/10738584211013723","article-title":"Neural control of human locomotor adaptation: Lessons about changes with aging","volume":"28","author":"Sato","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Neuroscientist"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00485","article-title":"EEG beta suppression and low gamma modulation are different elements of human upright walking","volume":"8","author":"Seeber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.045","article-title":"High and low gamma EEG oscillations in central sensorimotor areas are conversely modulated during the human gait cycle","volume":"112","author":"Seeber","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.10.005","article-title":"Motor control and aging: Links to age-related brain structural, functional, and biochemical effects","volume":"34","author":"Seidler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b67","article-title":"Uneven terrain versus dual-task walking: Differential challenges imposed on walking behavior in older adults are predicted by cognitive and sensorimotor function","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00744.2012","article-title":"Loss of balance during balance beam walking elicits a multifocal theta band electrocortical response","volume":"110","author":"Sipp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"15","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5867","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155867","article-title":"Characterizing and removing artifacts using dual-layer EEG during table tennis","volume":"22","author":"Studnicki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.06.004","article-title":"Effects of surface irregularity and lighting on step variability during gait: A study in healthy young and older women","volume":"22","author":"Thies","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00146","article-title":"A high-density EEG study of differences between three high speeds of simulated forward motion from optic flow in adult participants","volume":"9","author":"Vilhelmsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8092","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14867","article-title":"Gait-phase-dependent and gait-phase-independent cortical activity across multiple regions involved in voluntary gait modifications in humans","volume":"54","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025112614560250600_IMAG.a.1039-b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25856","article-title":"Frequency-dependent modulation of neural oscillations across the gait cycle","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"}],"container-title":["Imaging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/imag\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/IMAG.a.1039\/2563671\/imag.a.1039.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/imag\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/IMAG.a.1039\/2563671\/imag.a.1039.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T19:56:19Z","timestamp":1764186979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/imag\/article\/doi\/10.1162\/IMAG.a.1039\/133933\/Age-differences-in-electrocortical-dynamics-during"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":74,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/imag.a.1039","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.10.13.682080","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2837-6056"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2837-6056","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"IMAG.a.1039"}}