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In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in four macaque monkeys to investigate cortical activation in response to galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), applied through transmastoid electrodes, and egomotion-compatible (EC) optic flow patterns. Visual and vestibular stimulations activate two largely independent cortical networks: the vestibular network encompasses the insular cortex, superior parietal lobule, frontal lobe, and cingulate cortex, while optic flow primarily activates regions in the superior temporal sulcus, temporo-parietal junction, inferior parietal lobule, and restricted portions of the cingulate and frontal cortices. Despite this segregation, several areas exhibit visuo-vestibular convergence: ventral posterior suprasylvian (VPS) in the temporo-parietal junction, area 7 in the inferior parietal lobule, ventral intraparietal area (VIP) and LIP in the intraparietal sulcus, MSTd in the superior temporal sulcus, CSv in the cingulate sulcus, and FEFsem in the frontal cortex. These findings demonstrate that visual and vestibular signals generated by egomotion are processed in extended and distinct cortical networks with several narrow convergence sites, consistent with the idea that multisensory integration during self-motion is achieved through selective convergence rather than general network overlap.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag.a.1093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T20:02:06Z","timestamp":1765915326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cortical processing for the vestibular and visual input of egomotion in macaque monkeys: Separate networks with targeted convergence"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2531-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Marchand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2932-6330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"De Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Excoffier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6585-7257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Alph\u00e9e","family":"Laurent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4712-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Rosito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1897-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Vayssi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2624-7680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benoit R.","family":"Cottereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3249-5741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"S\u00e9verac Cauquil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4780-8691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011214555507600_IMAG.a.1093-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2020.00043","article-title":"Antero-posterior vs. lateral vestibular input processing in human visual cortex","volume":"14","author":"Aedo-Jury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026011214555507600_IMAG.a.1093-b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903260308","article-title":"Thalamic connections of the vestibular cortical fields in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)","volume":"326","author":"Akbarian","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"issue":"1360","key":"2026011214555507600_IMAG.a.1093-b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0128","article-title":"Multimodal integration for the representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex","volume":"352","author":"Andersen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 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