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Advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) techniques offer a promising mechanism to non-invasively characterize CNS architecture, however, most studies focus on the brain or spinal cord in isolation. Here, we implemented a clinically feasible dMRI protocol on a 3T scanner to simultaneously characterize neurite and soma microstructure of both the brain and spinal cord. The protocol enabled the use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), Standard Model Imaging (SMI), and Soma and Neurite Density Imaging (SANDI), representing the first time SMI and SANDI have been evaluated in the cord, and in the cord and brain simultaneously. Our results demonstrate high image quality even at high diffusion weightings, reproducibility of SMI- and SANDI-derived metrics similar to those of DTI with few exceptions, and biologically feasible contrasts between and within white and gray matter regions. Reproducibility and contrasts were decreased in the cord compared with that of the brain, revealing challenges due to partial volume effects and image preprocessing. This study establishes a harmonized approach for brain and cord microstructural imaging, and the opportunity to study CNS pathologies and biomarkers of structural integrity across the neuroaxis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag.a.111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T20:01:21Z","timestamp":1753992081000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterization of neurite and soma organization in the brain and spinal cord with diffusion MRI"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3686-7645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurt G.","family":"Schilling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Palombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"},{"name":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atlee A.","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin P.","family":"O\u2019Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pizzolato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bennett A.","family":"Landman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 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