{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T20:22:03Z","timestamp":1771618923022,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG081249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG081249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC014296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC014296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS131395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS131395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 AG084820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 AG084820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AG080588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AG080588"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 DC016912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 DC016912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K00 AG068432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K00 AG068432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 AG005134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 AG005134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG062421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG062421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARG-24-1309264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARG-24-1309264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005294","name":"MGH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Tommy Rickles Chair in Primary Progressive Aphasia Research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Tommy Rickles Chair in Primary Progressive Aphasia Research"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Center for Functional Neuroimaging Technologies","award":["P41 EB015896"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41 EB015896"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P41 Biotechnology Resource Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41 Biotechnology Resource Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018500","name":"Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["S10 RR021110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10 RR021110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018500","name":"Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["S10 RR023043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10 RR023043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018500","name":"Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["S10 RR023401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10 RR023401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Harvard University Center for Brain Science","award":["S10 OD020039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10 OD020039"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Regional brain atrophy estimated from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely used measure of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD), and other dementias. Yet, traditional MRI-derived morphometric estimates are susceptible to measurement errors, posing a challenge for detecting longitudinal atrophy over short intervals. Here, we examined the utility of multiple MRI scans acquired in rapid succession (i.e., cluster scanning) for detecting longitudinal cortical atrophy over 3- and 6-month intervals within individual participants. Four individuals with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia likely due to AD or FTLD participated in this study. At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, structural MRI data were collected on a 3 Tesla scanner using a fast 1.2-mm T1-weighted multi-echo magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MEMPRAGE) sequence (acquisition time = 2\u201923\u201d). At each timepoint, participants underwent up to 32 MEMPRAGE scans acquired in four separate sessions over 2 days. Using linear mixed-effects models, we found that phenotypically vulnerable cortical (\u201ccore atrophy\u201d) regions exhibited statistically significant longitudinal atrophy in all participants (i.e., decreased cortical thickness) by 3 months and further demonstrated preferential vulnerability compared to control regions in three of the participants over at least one of the 3-month intervals. These findings provide proof-of-concept evidence that pooling multiple morphometric estimates derived from cluster scanning can detect longitudinal cortical atrophy over short intervals in individual patients with neurodegenerative dementias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag.a.1138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T20:01:59Z","timestamp":1769803319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detecting short-interval longitudinal cortical atrophy in neurodegenerative dementias via cluster scanning: A proof of concept"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0413-747X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuta","family":"Katsumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Brickhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay C.","family":"Hanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2717-193X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared A.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxwell L.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross W.","family":"Mair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States"},{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Touroutoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"},{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States"},{"name":"Massachusetts Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Eldaief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States"},{"name":"Massachusetts Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randy L.","family":"Buckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States"},{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States"},{"name":"Massachusetts Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradford C.","family":"Dickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"},{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States"},{"name":"Massachusetts Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22794","article-title":"MRI signatures of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration continuum","volume":"36","author":"Agosta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b2","first-page":"e12262","article-title":"Predicting disease progression in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia","volume":"13","author":"Anderl-Straub","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12350","article-title":"The Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Study (LEADS): Framework and methodology","volume":"17","author":"Apostolova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000340981.97664.2f","article-title":"The cortical signature of prodromal AD: Regional thinning predicts mild AD dementia","volume":"72","author":"Bakkour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.01.010","article-title":"A meta-analysis of hippocampal atrophy rates in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Barnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e140","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009760","article-title":"Longitudinal structural and metabolic changes in frontotemporal dementia","volume":"95","author":"Bejanin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00335-1","article-title":"Brain volume change following anti-amyloid \u03b2 immunotherapy for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Amyloid-removal-related pseudo-atrophy","volume":"23","author":"Belder","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.099","article-title":"The effect of scan length on the reliability of resting-state fMRI connectivity estimates","volume":"83","author":"Birn","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.06.4947","article-title":"The longitudinal evaluation of familial frontotemporal dementia subjects protocol: Framework and methodology","volume":"16","author":"Boeve","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13049","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13049","article-title":"How many trials does it take to get a significant ERP effect? It depends","volume":"55","author":"Boudewyn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000031","article-title":"In vivo signatures of nonfluent\/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia caused by FTLD pathology","volume":"82","author":"Caso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.01.004","article-title":"Longitudinal changes of cortical thickness in early- versus late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Cho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.05.053","article-title":"A comparison of voxel and surface based cortical thickness estimation methods","volume":"57","author":"Clarkson","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b15","volume-title":"Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory","author":"Crocker","year":"1986"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.01.014","article-title":"Consensus classification of posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"13","author":"Crutch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn113","article-title":"The cortical signature of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Regionally specific cortical thinning relates to symptom severity in very mild to mild AD dementia and is detectable in asymptomatic amyloid-positive individuals","volume":"19","author":"Dickerson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.08.042","article-title":"Detection of cortical thickness correlates of cognitive performance: Reliability across MRI scan sessions, scanners, and field strengths","volume":"39","author":"Dickerson","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182166e96","article-title":"Alzheimer-signature MRI biomarker predicts AD dementia in cognitively normal adults","volume":"76","author":"Dickerson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00055","article-title":"Biomarker-based prediction of progression in MCI: Comparison of AD-signature and hippocampal volume with spinal fluid amyloid-\u03b2 and tau","volume":"5","author":"Dickerson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4476","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad167","article-title":"Atrophy in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia spans multiple large-scale prefrontal and temporal networks","volume":"146","author":"Eldaief","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b23","article-title":"Precision estimates of longitudinal brain aging capture unexpected individual differences in one year","author":"Elliott","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120173","article-title":"Brain morphometry in older adults with and without dementia using extremely rapid structural scans","volume":"276","author":"Elliott","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.01.068","article-title":"General functional connectivity: Shared features of resting-state and task fMRI drive reliable and heritable individual differences in functional brain networks","volume":"189","author":"Elliott","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00175","article-title":"Precision brain morphometry using cluster scanning","volume":"2","author":"Elliott","year":"2024","journal-title":"Imaging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797","article-title":"Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images","volume":"97","author":"Fischl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906426","article-title":"Automated manifold surgery: Constructing geometrically accurate and topologically correct models of the human cerebral cortex","volume":"20","author":"Fischl","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging"},{"issue":"48","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15223","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3252-09.2009","article-title":"One-year brain atrophy evident in healthy aging","volume":"29","author":"Fjell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl377","article-title":"The topography of grey matter involvement in early and late onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"130","author":"Frisoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102842","article-title":"A comparison of automated atrophy measures across the frontotemporal dementia spectrum: Implications for trials","volume":"32","author":"Gordon","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.07.011","article-title":"Precision functional mapping of individual human brains","volume":"95","author":"Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10825","article-title":"Cognition and anatomy in three variants of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"55","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821103e6","article-title":"Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants","volume":"76","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.051","article-title":"Reliability of MRI-derived measurements of human cerebral cortical thickness: The effects of field strength, scanner upgrade and manufacturer","volume":"32","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314978","article-title":"Patterns of atrophy in pathologically confirmed dementias: A voxelwise analysis","volume":"88","author":"Harper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25406","article-title":"Longitudinal tau accumulation and atrophy in aging and alzheimer disease","volume":"85","author":"Harrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150031","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2015.31","article-title":"Brain Genomics Superstruct Project initial data release with structural, functional, and behavioral measures","volume":"2","author":"Holmes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.03.008","article-title":"Reliability of event-related potentials: The influence of number of trials and electrodes","volume":"130","author":"Huffmeijer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002923","article-title":"A\/T\/N: An unbiased descriptive classification scheme for Alzheimer disease biomarkers","volume":"87","author":"Jack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.12.003","article-title":"Biomarker modeling of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"80","author":"Jack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.3.786","article-title":"Medial temporal atrophy on MRI in normal aging and very mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"49","author":"Jack","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv283","article-title":"Different definitions of neurodegeneration produce similar amyloid\/neurodegeneration biomarker group findings","volume":"138","author":"Jack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b44","unstructured":"Jenkinson, M.\n           (1999). Measuring transformation error by RMS deviation. FMRIB Technical Report No TR99MJ1. https:\/\/www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk\/datasets\/techrep\/tr99mj1\/tr99mj1.pdf"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110552","article-title":"Robust cortical thickness estimation in the presence of partial volumes using adaptive diffusion equation","volume":"423","author":"Joshi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.02.010","article-title":"MRI-derived measurements of human subcortical, ventricular and intracranial brain volumes: Reliability effects of scan sessions, acquisition sequences, data analyses, scanner upgrade, scanner vendors and field strengths","volume":"46","author":"Jovicich","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01636-z","article-title":"Greater baseline cortical atrophy in the dorsal attention network predicts faster clinical decline in Posterior Cortical Atrophy","volume":"16","author":"Katsumi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e286","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201403","article-title":"Association of regional cortical network atrophy with progression to dementia in patients with Primary Progressive Aphasia","volume":"100","author":"Katsumi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"n\/a","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14489","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14489","article-title":"Dissociable spatial topography of cortical atrophy in early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A head-to-head comparison of the LEADS and ADNI cohorts","volume":"n\/a","author":"Katsumi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b50","first-page":"e12197","article-title":"Pattern and degree of individual brain atrophy predicts dementia onset in dominantly inherited Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Keret","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn234","article-title":"Development of methodology for conducting clinical trials in frontotemporal lobar degeneration","volume":"131","author":"Knopman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02288391","article-title":"The theory of the estimation of test reliability","volume":"2","author":"Kuder","year":"1937","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv387","article-title":"On the right side? A longitudinal study of left- versus right-lateralized semantic dementia","volume":"139","author":"Kumfor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"524","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau5732","article-title":"Prospective longitudinal atrophy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease correlates with the intensity and topography of baseline tau-PET","volume":"12","author":"La Joie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.06.037","article-title":"Functional system and areal organization of a highly sampled individual human brain","volume":"87","author":"Laumann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988720944239","article-title":"Disease progression in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease: The contribution of staging scales","volume":"34","author":"Lima-Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b57","first-page":"3243","article-title":"Quantitative comparison of extremely rapid structural data acquisition compared to conventional MPRAGE","volume":"20","author":"Mair","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.09.005","article-title":"The Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI)","volume":"95","author":"Marek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000687","article-title":"Early-onset Alzheimer disease and its variants","volume":"25","author":"Mendez","year":"2019","journal-title":"CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000058331","article-title":"Posterior cortical atrophy: Clinical characteristics and differences compared to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Mendez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.02.013","article-title":"Different patterns of gray matter atrophy in early- and late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt213","article-title":"Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network: Facilitating research and clinical trials","volume":"5","author":"Moulder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200001)47:1<36::AID-ANA8>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"A voxel-based morphometry study of semantic dementia: Relationship between temporal lobe atrophy and semantic memory","volume":"47","author":"Mummery","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28244","article-title":"Accelerated MP2RAGE imaging using Cartesian phyllotaxis readout and compressed sensing reconstruction","volume":"84","author":"Mussard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561772200042X","article-title":"Unsupervised high-frequency smartphone-based cognitive assessments are reliable, valid, and feasible in older adults at risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Nicosia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b66","article-title":"Precision brain morphometry: Feasibility and opportunities of extreme rapid scans","author":"Nielsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz091","article-title":"Longitudinal progression of grey matter atrophy in non-amnestic Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"142","author":"Phillips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b68","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26649","article-title":"Wave-CAIPI for highly accelerated MP-RAGE imaging","volume":"79","author":"Polak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e834","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201572","article-title":"Predicting cognitive decline in older adults using baseline metrics of AD pathologies, cerebrovascular disease, and neurodegeneration","volume":"100","author":"Prosser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b71","first-page":"e12183","article-title":"Computationally derived anatomic subtypes of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia show temporal stability and divergent patterns of longitudinal atrophy","volume":"13","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.076","article-title":"Avoiding asymmetry-induced bias in longitudinal image processing","volume":"57","author":"Reuter","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020","article-title":"Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach","volume":"53","author":"Reuter","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.084","article-title":"Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis","volume":"61","author":"Reuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.12.006","article-title":"Head motion during MRI acquisition reduces gray matter volume and thickness estimates","volume":"107","author":"Reuter","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.12.008","article-title":"Patterns of longitudinal brain atrophy in the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia","volume":"127","author":"Rohrer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr198","article-title":"Clinical and neuroanatomical signatures of tissue pathology in frontotemporal lobar degeneration","volume":"134","author":"Rohrer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp007","article-title":"MRI of hippocampal volume loss in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease in relation to ApoE genotype and biomarkers","volume":"132","author":"Schuff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2007.38","article-title":"Frontal paralimbic network atrophy in very mild behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia","volume":"65","author":"Seeley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa155","article-title":"Longitudinal neuroimaging biomarkers differ across Alzheimer\u2019s disease phenotypes","volume":"143","author":"Sintini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101823","article-title":"Longitudinal tau-PET uptake and atrophy in atypical Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Sintini","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022847","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.22847","article-title":"Rates of brain atrophy across disease stages in familial frontotemporal dementia associated with MAPT, GRN, and C9orf72 pathogenic variants","volume":"3","author":"Staffaroni","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy319","article-title":"Longitudinal multimodal imaging and clinical endpoints for frontotemporal dementia clinical trials","volume":"142","author":"Staffaroni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000140289.18472.15","article-title":"Clinical, genetic, and neuropathologic characteristics of posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"63","author":"Tang-Wai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.11.054","article-title":"Prospective motion correction with volumetric navigators (vNavs) reduces the bias and variance in brain morphometry induced by subject motion","volume":"127","author":"Tisdall","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"Suppl. 9","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b86","first-page":"S74","article-title":"The sporadic early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease signature of atrophy: Preliminary findings from the Longitudinal Early-onset Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Study (LEADS) cohort","volume":"19","author":"Touroutoglou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.05.044","article-title":"Large-scale evaluation of ANTs and FreeSurfer cortical thickness measurements","volume":"99","author":"Tustison","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13449","article-title":"The Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in the era of Alzheimer\u2019s disease treatment: A review of ADNI studies from 2021 to 2022","volume":"20","author":"Veitch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.12.073","article-title":"Antemortem differential diagnosis of dementia pathology using structural MRI: Differential-STAND","volume":"55","author":"Vemuri","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.05.026","article-title":"Imaging correlates of posterior cortical atrophy","volume":"28","author":"Whitwell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.10.037","article-title":"Reliability of MRI-derived cortical and subcortical morphometric measures: Effects of pulse sequence, voxel geometry, and parallel imaging","volume":"44","author":"Wonderlick","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102196","article-title":"Topography of cortical thinning in the Lewy body diseases","volume":"26","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026022014554314900_IMAG.a.1138-b93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-121156","article-title":"MRI signatures of brain macrostructural atrophy and microstructural degradation in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration subtypes","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"}],"container-title":["Imaging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/imag\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/IMAG.a.1138\/2579158\/imag.a.1138.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/imag\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/IMAG.a.1138\/2579158\/imag.a.1138.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T19:56:00Z","timestamp":1771617360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/imag\/article\/doi\/10.1162\/IMAG.a.1138\/135145\/Detecting-short-interval-longitudinal-cortical"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":92,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/imag.a.1138","relation":{},"ISSN":["2837-6056"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2837-6056","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"IMAG.a.1138"}}