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In the auditory domain, this interplay can lead to illusory experiences\u2014for instance, when phonetic similarities between languages cause listeners to mishear foreign lyrics as familiar words in their native language. This study investigated how linguistic priors influence auditory perception during song listening. Participants read sentences in English or Italian before hearing English song excerpts, then rated how well the lyrics matched the text. Crucially, some of the Italian sentences were phonologically similar to the English lyrics, resulting in a cross-linguistic auditory illusion (\u201cIllusory Trials\u201d) in which listeners reported the content of the lyrics matched that of the Italian text. EEG analysis showed that two neural markers of surprise\u2014P200 amplitude and gamma-band activity\u2014were heightened while listening to songs that were not perceived to match the preceding text, reflecting the violation of expectations. In contrast, these markers were attenuated in illusory trials, suggesting reduced prediction error despite the lack of semantic match. Time\u2013frequency analysis revealed an early gamma response followed by beta-band dominance in the illusory condition, consistent with initial sensory mismatch followed by top\u2013down assimilation. Together, these findings show that phonologically plausible but false linguistic priors can induce auditory illusions and modulate predictive processing during song perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag.a.1178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T20:02:01Z","timestamp":1772481721000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["False but phonologically plausible linguistic priors induce cross-linguistic auditory illusions and attenuate electrophysiological markers of surprise"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Enrico","family":"Giraldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"University of Camerino, Camerino, 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