{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:54:12Z","timestamp":1790888052737,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":253,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE-2234667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-2234667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS126509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS126509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T001402\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T001402\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), the ability of cerebral blood vessels to dilate or constrict in response to a vasoactive stimulus, is an important measure of cerebrovascular health. Accurate CVR estimation requires accounting for the time required for the vasoactive stimulus to reach each brain region and the time it takes for local arterioles to modulate cerebral blood flow. The temporal search range used to calculate this spatially varying offset can substantially impact CVR estimates, and the appropriate search range may vary across populations, acquisition protocols, and even brain regions. Here, we present an iterative approach for automatically determining the appropriate maximum shift, using breath-hold fMRI data acquired in a cohort of stroke survivors. This approach selectively expands the delay search range only for voxels with estimated delays at the boundary (i.e., near the minimum or maximum shift) until the estimated delay is no longer at the boundary or a predefined value is reached. In the context of stroke, among voxels initially at the boundary, this approach significantly increased the number of voxels with statistically significant CVR (i.e., having a relationship between end-tidal CO2 and the BOLD signal that is unlikely to be due to random chance). It also resulted in CVR polarity reversals in voxels originally at the early-response boundary and amplified negative CVR values in voxels originally at the late-response boundary, suggesting that using an iterative maximum shift can critically impact CVR interpretation. This approach is broadly applicable beyond stroke, but careful parameter tuning is required, as illustrated by our demonstration of the parameter tuning process for a participant with Moyamoya disease. Together, these findings suggest that iterative delay correction allows for improved CVR assessments in clinical populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag.a.1386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T20:01:51Z","timestamp":1789156911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iterative delay correction improves breath-hold cerebrovascular reactivity mapping in clinical populations"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4787-1124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca G.","family":"Clements","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1112-786X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Geranmayeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5106-3556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niamh V.","family":"Parkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7257-9646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Molly G.","family":"Bright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026100115562378000_IMAG.a.1386-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.106","article-title":"The vascular steal phenomenon is an incomplete contributor to negative cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis","volume":"34","author":"Arteaga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism"},{"key":"2026100115562378000_IMAG.a.1386-b2","article-title":"The aging human brain exhibits reduced 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