{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:31:00Z","timestamp":1791217860497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Multimodal imaging using network connectivity techniques shows promise for investigating neuropathology influencing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptom maintenance and course. We recruited World Trade Center (WTC) responders who continued to suffer from chronic PTSD into a diffusion tensor neuroimaging protocol (n = 100), along with nine unexposed controls without PTSD from other sources. Using a graph theory approach to probe network alterations in brain diffusion images, we calculated weighted characteristics path length (wCPL) as a surrogate marker for the effective neuroanatomical distance between anatomical nodes. The sample (N = 109; 47 with chronic PTSD) was in their mid-fifties, and the majority were male. Responders were matched in terms of cognitive performance, occupation, and demographics. The anatomical connectivity graph was constructed for each participant using deterministic diffusion tractography. We identified a significant difference in wCPL between trauma-exposed WTC responders (Cohen\u2019s d = 0.42, p &amp;lt; 0.001) that was highest in people with PTSD, and not explained by WTC exposure severity or duration. We also found that wCPL was associated with PTSD symptom severity in responders with PTSD. In the largest study to date to examine the relationship between chronic PTSD and anatomy, we examined the anatomical topography of neural connections and found that wCPL differed between the PTSD+ and PTSD- diagnostic categories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T11:12:00Z","timestamp":1712315520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Graph theory-based analysis reveals neural anatomical network alterations in chronic post-traumatic stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Chuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minos","family":"Kritikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Suite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Meija-Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate Center and Queens College, City University of New York, New York City, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azzurra","family":"Invernizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto G.","family":"Lucchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA, and Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neurosciences, University of Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn J.","family":"Bromet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Kotov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean A. P.","family":"Clouston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States"},{"name":"Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Luft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook World Trade Center Wellness Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081116355548900_b1","first-page":"1065","author":"Albi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free water elimination improves test\u2013retest reproducibility of diffusion tensor imaging indices in the brain: A longitudinal multisite study of healthy elderly subjects"},{"key":"2025081116355548900_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.019","article-title":"An integrated approach to correction for off-resonance effects and subject movement in diffusion MR imaging","volume":"125","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025081116355548900_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/bec.2014.26","article-title":"The comorbidity of PTSD and MDD: Implications for clinical practice and future research","volume":"32","author":"Angelakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behaviour Change"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025081116355548900_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL)","volume":"34","author":"Blanchard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025081116355548900_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2021.0123","article-title":"Structural brain network reproducibility: Influence of different diffusion acquisition and tractography reconstruction schemes on graph metrics","volume":"12","author":"Borrelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Connectivity"},{"key":"2025081116355548900_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-020-00804-6","article-title":"Characterizing anhedonia: A systematic review of neuroimaging across the subtypes of reward processing deficits in depression","volume":"20","author":"Borsini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025081116355548900_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002184","article-title":"DSM-IV post-traumatic stress disorder among World Trade Center responders 11\u201313 years after the disaster of 11 September 2001 (9\/11)","volume":"46","author":"Bromet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"2025081116355548900_b8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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