{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:47:49Z","timestamp":1775807269015,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":191,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>How does the human brain generate coherent, subjective perceptions\u2014transforming yellow and oblong visual sensory information into the perception of an edible banana? This is a hard problem. According to the standard viewpoint, processing in groups of dedicated regions\u2014identified as active \u201cblobs\u201d when using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)\u2014gives rise to perception. Here, we reveal a new organizational concept by discovering that stimulus-specific information distributed throughout the whole brain. Using fMRI, we found stimulus-specific information across the neocortex, even in voxels previously considered \u201cnoise,\u201d challenging traditional analytical approaches. Surprisingly, these stimulus-specific signals were also present in the subcortex and cerebellum and could be detected from across-subject variances. Finally, we observed that stimulus-specific signal in brain regions beyond the primary and secondary sensory cortices is influenced by sedation levels, suggesting a connection to perception rather than sensory encoding. We hypothesize that these widespread, stimulus-specific, and consciousness level-dependent signals may underlie coherent and subjective perceptions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T16:00:47Z","timestamp":1720627247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Widespread, perception-related information in the human brain scales with levels of consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Vigotsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Statistics and Data Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"},{"name":"Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rami","family":"Jabakhanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"},{"name":"Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gian Domenico","family":"Iannetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwan N.","family":"Baliki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"},{"name":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Vania","family":"Apkarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"},{"name":"Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7748","key":"2025081117581191500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-00857-9","article-title":"Scientists rise up against statistical 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