{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:01:25Z","timestamp":1772164885277,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":301,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Magnetization transfer MRI is sensitive to semisolid macromolecules, including amyloid beta, and has previously been used to discriminate Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) patients from controls. Here, we fit an unconstrained 2-pool quantitative MT (qMT) model, that is, without constraints on the longitudinal relaxation rate R1s of semisolids, and investigate the sensitivity of the estimated parameters to amyloid accumulation in preclinical participants. We scanned 15 cognitively normal volunteers, of which 9 were amyloid positive by [18F]florbetaben PET. A 12 min hybrid-state qMT scan with an effective resolution of 1.24 mm isotropic and whole-brain coverage was acquired to estimate the unconstrained 2-pool qMT parameters. Group comparisons and correlations with florbetaben PET standardized uptake value ratios were analyzed at the lobar level. We find that the exchange rate and semisolid pool\u2019s R1s were sensitive to the amyloid concentration, while morphometric measures of cortical thickness derived from structural MRI were not. Changes in the exchange rate are consistent with previous reports in clinical AD, while changes in R1s have not been reported previously as its value is typically constrained in the literature. Our results demonstrate that qMT MRI may be a promising surrogate marker of amyloid beta without the need for contrast agents or radiotracers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T16:34:09Z","timestamp":1730133249000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sensitivity of unconstrained quantitative magnetization transfer MRI\n                    to amyloid burden in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"},{"name":"Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Flassbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Marchetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjun V.","family":"Masurkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Rusinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Assl\u00e4nder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"},{"name":"Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025081119482264100_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26639","article-title":"Low rank alternating direction method of\n                        multipliers reconstruction for MR fingerprinting","volume":"79","author":"Assl\u00e4nder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025081119482264100_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29071","article-title":"Generalized Bloch model: A theory for pulsed magnetization\n                        transfer","volume":"87","author":"Assl\u00e4nder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025081119482264100_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29951","article-title":"Rapid quantitative magnetization\n                        transfer imaging: Utilizing the hybrid state and the generalized Bloch\n                        model","volume":"91","author":"Assl\u00e4nder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"key":"2025081119482264100_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00177","article-title":"Unconstrained quantitative magnetization\n                        transfer imaging: Disentangling T1 of the free and semi-solid spin\n                        pools","volume":"2","author":"Assl\u00e4nder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Imaging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025081119482264100_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-019-0174-0","article-title":"Hybrid-state free precession in nuclear magnetic\n                        resonance","volume":"2","author":"Assl\u00e4nder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Communications 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matter shown by heavily\n                        t2-weighted CSF nulled IR sequences","volume":"16","author":"Hajnal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of\n                        Computer Assisted Tomography"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025081119482264100_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986006002107","article-title":"Distribution theory for glass\u2019s estimator of effect\n                        size and related estimators","volume":"6","author":"Hedges","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Educational\n                        Statistics"},{"issue":"23","key":"2025081119482264100_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"N529","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/23\/N01","article-title":"In vivo quantification of the bound pool T1 in human white\n                        matter using the binary spin-bath model of progressive magnetization\n                        transfer 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brain image","volume":"260","author":"Hoopes","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025081119482264100_b36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk of conversion to mild cognitive\n                        impairment or dementia among subjects with amyloid and tau pathology: A\n                        systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Husz\u00e1r","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025081119482264100_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: Toward a\n                        biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s and Dementia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025081119482264100_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70299-6","article-title":"Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the\n                        Alzheimer\u2019s pathological cascade","volume":"9","author":"Jack","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Lancet\n                        Neurology"},{"key":"2025081119482264100_b39","article-title":"Computer-assisted design of accelerated composite\n                        optimization methods: OptISTA","author":"Jang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arxiv"},{"key":"2025081119482264100_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.02.034","article-title":"The radial diffusivity and magnetization transfer pool size\n                        ratio are sensitive markers for demyelination in a rat model of type iii\n                        multiple sclerosis (ms) lesions","volume":"74","author":"Janve","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025081119482264100_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.01.002","article-title":"Appropriate use 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core body temperature of Alzheimer\u2019s\n                        disease patients as a possible indicator of chronic neuroinflammation: A\n                        meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Klegeris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"2025081119482264100_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00171","article-title":"101 labeled brain images and a\n                        consistent human cortical labeling protocol","volume":"6","author":"Klein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025081119482264100_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.166967","article-title":"Dixon sequence with superimposed model-based bone compartment\n                        provides highly accurate PET\/MR attenuation correction of the\n                        brain","volume":"57","author":"Koesters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear 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Neurology"},{"key":"2025081119482264100_b50","first-page":"988","article-title":"Spatiotemporal imaging with partially\n                        separable functions","volume":"2","author":"Liang","year":"2007","journal-title":"2007 4th IEEE International\n                        Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025081119482264100_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21847","article-title":"Transverse relaxation and magnetization transfer in skeletal\n                        muscle: Effect of pH","volume":"61","author":"Louie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in\n                        Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025081119482264100_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21391","article-title":"Sparse MRI: The application of compressed sensing for rapid\n                        MR imaging","volume":"58","author":"Lustig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025081119482264100_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-200234","article-title":"Correlative microscopy to localize and characterize iron\n                        deposition in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Madsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of\n                        Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025081119482264100_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170995","article-title":"Quantitative magnetization transfer of\n                        white matter tracts correlates with diffusion tensor imaging indices in\n                        predicting the conversion from mild cognitive impairment to\n                        Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"63","author":"Makovac","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of\n                 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