{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:19:38Z","timestamp":1790515178292,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Single-word reading depends on multiple types of information processing: readers must process low-level visual properties of the stimulus, form orthographic and phonological representations of the word, and retrieve semantic content from memory. Reading aloud introduces an additional type of processing wherein readers must execute an appropriate sequence of articulatory movements necessary to produce the word. To date, cognitive and neural differences between aloud and silent reading have mainly been ascribed to articulatory processes. However, it remains unclear whether articulatory information is used to discriminate unique words, at the neural level, during aloud reading. Moreover, very little work has investigated how other types of information processing might differ between the two tasks. The current work used representational similarity analysis (RSA) to interrogate fMRI data collected while participants read single words aloud or silently. RSA was implemented using a whole-brain searchlight procedure to characterise correspondence between neural data and each of five models representing a discrete type of information. Both conditions elicited decodability of visual, orthographic, phonological, and articulatory information, though to different degrees. Compared with reading silently, reading aloud elicited greater decodability of visual, phonological, and articulatory information. By contrast, silent reading elicited greater decodability of orthographic information in right anterior temporal lobe. These results support an adaptive view of reading whereby information is weighted according to its task relevance, in a manner that best suits the reader\u2019s goals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T16:41:56Z","timestamp":1734367316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Differential weighting of information during aloud and silent reading: Evidence from representational similarity analysis of fMRI data"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Lyam M.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heath E.","family":"Matheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathon M.","family":"Fawcett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen E.","family":"Bodner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025011319553159200_imag_a_00428-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.11.104","article-title":"The role of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in word production","volume":"1076","author":"Alario","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011319553159200_imag_a_00428-b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2007.06.004","article-title":"Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain","volume":"12","author":"Avants","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medical Image Analysis"},{"key":"2025011319553159200_imag_a_00428-b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2021.105757","article-title":"Neural correlates of the production effect: An fMRI study","volume":"152","author":"Bailey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025011319553159200_imag_a_00428-b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14542","article-title":"A sinister subject: Quantifying handedness-based recruitment biases in current neuroimaging research","volume":"51","author":"Bailey","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"21","key":"2025011319553159200_imag_a_00428-b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9087","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703300104","article-title":"Visual word processing and experiential origins of functional selectivity in human extrastriate cortex","volume":"104","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"2025011319553159200_imag_a_00428-b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2020.00039","article-title":"A new acoustic-based pronunciation distance measure","volume":"3","author":"Bartelds","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011319553159200_imag_a_00428-b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1075\/avt.25.05bei","article-title":"Predicting intelligibility and perceived linguistic distance by means of the Levenshtein algorithm","volume":"25","author":"Beijering","year":"2008","journal-title":"Linguistics in the Netherlands"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025011319553159200_imag_a_00428-b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.10.001","article-title":"The neurobiology of semantic memory","volume":"15","author":"Binder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025011319553159200_imag_a_00428-b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? 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