{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:09:13Z","timestamp":1790219353753,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Normative models of brain structure estimate the effects of covariates such as age and sex using large samples of healthy controls. These models can then be applied to, for example, smaller clinical cohorts to distinguish disease effects from other covariates. However, these advanced statistical modelling approaches can be difficult to access, and processing large healthy cohorts is computationally demanding. Thus, accessible platforms with pre-trained normative models are needed. We present such a platform for brain morphology analysis as an open-source web application https:\/\/cnnplab.shinyapps.io\/BrainMoNoCle\/, with six key features: (i) user-friendly web interface, (ii) individual and group outputs, (iii) multi-site analysis, (iv) regional and whole-brain analysis, (v) integration with existing tools, and (vi) featuring multiple morphology metrics. Using a diverse sample of 3,276 healthy controls across 21 sites, we pre-trained normative models on various metrics. We validated the models with a small sample of individuals with bipolar disorder, showing outputs that aligned closely with existing literature only after applying our normative modelling. Using a cohort of people with temporal lobe epilepsy, we showed that individual-level abnormalities were in line with seizure lateralisation. Finally, with the ability to investigate multiple morphology measures in the same framework, we found that biological covariates are better explained in specific morphology measures, and for applications, only some measures are sensitive to the disease process. Our platform offers a comprehensive framework to analyse brain morphology in clinical and research settings. Validations confirm the superiority of normative models and the advantage of investigating a range of brain morphology metrics together.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T20:01:09Z","timestamp":1735848069000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Brain morphology normative modelling platform for abnormality and centile estimation: Brain MoNoCle"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Bethany","family":"Little","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNNP Lab (www.cnnp-lab.com), School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nida","family":"Alyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNNP Lab (www.cnnp-lab.com), School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Surtees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Software Engineers, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin P","family":"Winston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Cousins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Cumbria, Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John-Paul","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNNP Lab (www.cnnp-lab.com), School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"},{"name":"UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, 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