{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T23:41:41Z","timestamp":1784245301125,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Quantitative MRI (qMRI) techniques, including R1, R2*, and magnetic susceptibility mapping, have emerged as promising tools for generating surrogate imaging markers of brain tissue microstructure, enabling non-invasive in vivo measurements associated with myelination and iron deposition. Gaining insights into how these quantitative measurements evolve throughout a normal lifespan can enhance our understanding of brain maturation processes and facilitate studies of disease-related microstructural changes by distinguishing pathological alterations from normal brain development. In this study, we established the normative trajectories of R1, R2*, and magnetic susceptibility in the basal ganglia at 3T. We used a healthy ageing cohort comprising 260 subjects with an evenly distributed age range (from 18 to 80 years) and sex ratio throughout adulthood. Utilising the non-parametric Gaussian Process Regression model to derive the normative trajectories, we found that R1 in these structures predominantly exhibits a quadratic shape over age, while R2* and magnetic susceptibility are primarily linear. We validated the normative trajectories of R2* and magnetic susceptibility using an independent cohort. This result reinforces existing findings on the association between age and qMRI. Additionally, we demonstrated that the spatial distributions of the qMRI parameters also change with age in the putamen and caudate nucleus. Finally, the utility of normative modelling of qMRI in the basal ganglia is validated using an independent cohort comprising both healthy participants and individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease, with comparable data acquisition protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T15:01:12Z","timestamp":1736348472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Normative trajectories of R1, R2*, and magnetic susceptibility in basal ganglia on healthy ageing"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Kwok-Shing","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel P.","family":"Zwiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle G.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin E.","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick C.","family":"Helmich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joukje M.","family":"Oosterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"The Erwin L. Hahn Institute, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Twente, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian F.","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 P.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The 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