{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:42:25Z","timestamp":1790937745191,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":76,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/V047264\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/V047264\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/Z533166\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/Z533166\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#PJT-178370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#PJT-178370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000893","name":"Simons Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#875530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#875530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000893","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disruption of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission (E-I balance) is thought to underlie many neurodevelopmental disorders; however, its study is typically restricted to adults, animal models, and the lab-bench. Neurophysiological oscillations in the gamma frequency band relate closely to E-I balance, and a new technology\u2014OPM-MEG\u2014offers the possibility to measure such signals across the lifespan. We used OPM-MEG to measure gamma oscillations induced by visual stimulation in 101 participants, aged 2\u201334 years. We demonstrate a significantly changing spectrum with age, with low-amplitude broadband gamma oscillations in children and high-amplitude band limited oscillations in adults. We used a canonical cortical microcircuit to model these signals, revealing a significant decrease in the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory signalling with age in the superficial pyramidal neurons of the visual cortex. Our findings detail the first MEG metrics of gamma oscillations and their underlying generators from toddlerhood, providing a benchmark against which future studies can contextualise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T16:01:21Z","timestamp":1742313681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Measuring the neurodevelopmental trajectory of excitatory-inhibitory balance via visual gamma oscillations"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5641-0947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Rier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Cerca Magnetics Ltd., Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krish D.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlee M.","family":"Vandewouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niall","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Cerca Magnetics Ltd., Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Boto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Cerca Magnetics Ltd., Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Cerca Magnetics Ltd., Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerca Magnetics Ltd., Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margot J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Brookes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Cerca Magnetics Ltd., Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4504","article-title":"Magnetoencephalography for brain electrophysiology and imaging","volume":"20","author":"Baillet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2044","article-title":"Synaptic mechanisms of synchronized gamma oscillations in inhibitory interneuron networks","volume":"8","author":"Bartos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"22","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7639","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4216-13.2014","article-title":"Simultaneous recordings from the primary visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus reveal rhythmic interactions and a cortical source for gamma-band oscillations","volume":"34","author":"Bastos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.03.033","article-title":"Interplay of orientation selectivity and the power of low- and high-gamma bands in the cat primary visual cortex","volume":"620","author":"Bharmauria","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"7698","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/nature26147","article-title":"Moving magnetoencephalography towards real-world applications with a wearable system","volume":"555","author":"Boto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116099","article-title":"Wearable neuroimaging: Combining and contrasting magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography","volume":"201","author":"Boto","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.09.050","article-title":"Optimising experimental design for MEG beamformer imaging","volume":"39","author":"Brookes","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.58","article-title":"Acute effects of alcohol on stimulus-induced gamma oscillations in human primary visual and motor cortices","volume":"39","author":"Campbell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78811","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.78811","article-title":"An increase of inhibition drives the developmental decorrelation of neural activity","volume":"11","author":"Chini","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00489","article-title":"Pushing the boundaries of MEG based on optically pumped magnetometers towards early human life","volume":"3","author":"Corvilain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Imaging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00202899","article-title":"Coherent oscillations: A mechanism of feature linking in the visual cortex?","volume":"60","author":"Eckhorn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biological Cybernetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(03)00178-4","article-title":"Is synchronized neuronal gamma activity relevant for selective attention?","volume":"42","author":"Fell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Research Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.02.026","article-title":"Over and above frequency: Gamma oscillations as units of neural circuit operations","volume":"111","author":"Fernandez-Ruiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21339","article-title":"Functional and structural correlates of the aging brain: Relating visual cortex (V1) gamma band responses to age-related structural change","volume":"33","author":"Gaetz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.078","article-title":"Inferring synaptic excitation\/inhibition balance from field potentials","volume":"158","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6213","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/338334a0","article-title":"Oscillatory responses in cat visual cortex exhibit inter-columnar synchronization which reflects global stimulus properties","volume":"338","author":"Gray","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.5.1698","article-title":"Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex","volume":"86","author":"Gray","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24123","article-title":"Effects of age and sex on the concentrations of glutamate and glutamine in the human brain","volume":"38","author":"H\u00e4del","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.01.009","article-title":"The missing link: Analogous human and primate cortical gamma oscillations","volume":"26","author":"Hall","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b20","first-page":"1","article-title":"A tool for functional brain imaging with lifespan compliance","volume":"10","author":"Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116995","article-title":"Multi-channel whole-head OPM-MEG: Helmet design and a comparison with a conventional system","volume":"219","author":"Hill","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119084","article-title":"Using OPM-MEG in contrasting magnetic environments","volume":"253","author":"Hill","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00112","article-title":"Optimising the sensitivity of optically-pumped magnetometer magnetoencephalography to gamma band electrophysiological activity","volume":"2","author":"Hill","year":"2024","journal-title":"Imaging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"14","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3867","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515657113","article-title":"Direction of information flow in large-scale resting-state networks is frequency-dependent","volume":"113","author":"Hillebrand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.07.028","article-title":"A bi-planar coil system for nulling background magnetic fields in scalp mounted magnetoencephalography","volume":"181","author":"Holmes","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50697-w","article-title":"Balanced, bi-planar magnetic field and field gradient coils for field compensation in wearable magnetoencephalography","volume":"9","author":"Holmes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.08.043","article-title":"Localizing human visual gamma-band activity in frequency, time and space","volume":"29","author":"Hoogenboom","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02491.x","article-title":"Impaired maturation of cortical GABA(A) receptor expression in pediatric epilepsy","volume":"51","author":"Jansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132","article-title":"Improved optimization for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images","volume":"17","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabj8750","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj8750","article-title":"A developmental reduction of the excitation:inhibition ratio in association cortex during adolescence","volume":"8","author":"Larsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2024.101373","article-title":"Aperiodic EEG and 7T MRSI evidence for maturation of E\/I balance supporting the development of working memory through adolescence","volume":"66","author":"McKeon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.06.013","article-title":"Developmental changes in spontaneous electrocortical activity and network organization from early to late childhood","volume":"118","author":"Miskovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.09.048","article-title":"Dynamic causal models of steady-state responses","volume":"44","author":"Moran","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2270-17.2017","article-title":"Large visual stimuli induce two distinct gamma oscillations in primate visual cortex","volume":"38","author":"Murty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00138","article-title":"High-frequency brain activity and muscle artifacts in MEG\/EEG: A review and recommendations","volume":"7","author":"Muthukumaraswamy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"20","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8356","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900728106","article-title":"Resting GABA concentration predicts peak gamma frequency and fMRI amplitude in response to visual stimulation in humans","volume":"106","author":"Muthukumaraswamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.12.038","article-title":"Visual gamma oscillations: The effects of stimulus type, visual field coverage and stimulus motion on MEG and EEG recordings","volume":"69","author":"Muthukumaraswamy","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.045","article-title":"Visual gamma oscillations and evoked responses: Variability, repeatability and structural MRI correlates","volume":"49","author":"Muthukumaraswamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.07.033","article-title":"Excitatory\/Inhibitory balance and circuit homeostasis in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"87","author":"Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"22","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/48\/22\/002","article-title":"The magnetic lead field theorem in the quasi-static approximation and its use for magnetoencephalography forward calculation in realistic volume conductors","volume":"48","author":"Nolte","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physics in Medicine and Biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07171.x","article-title":"High-frequency gamma oscillations coexist with low-frequency gamma oscillations in the rat visual cortex in vitro","volume":"31","author":"Oke","year":"2010","journal-title":"The European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156869","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869","article-title":"FieldTrip: Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data","volume":"2011","author":"Oostenveld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00232.2015","article-title":"Frequency of gamma oscillations in humans is modulated by velocity of visual motion","volume":"114","author":"Orekhova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0281531","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0281531","article-title":"Gamma oscillations point to the role of primary visual cortex in atypical motion processing in autism","volume":"18","author":"Orekhova","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26779-6","article-title":"Input-dependent modulation of MEG gamma oscillations reflects gain control in the visual cortex","volume":"8","author":"Orekhova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5592-11.2012","article-title":"Magnetoencephalography in twins reveals a strong genetic determination of the peak frequency of visually induced gamma-band synchronization","volume":"32","author":"Pelt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000610","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000610","article-title":"Different origins of gamma rhythm and high-gamma activity in macaque visual cortex","volume":"9","author":"Ray","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14890","article-title":"A 90-channel triaxial magnetoencephalography system using optically pumped magnetometers","volume":"1517","author":"Rea","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120024","article-title":"Measurement of frontal midline theta oscillations using OPM-MEG","volume":"271","author":"Rhodes","year":"2023","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhodes, N., Rier, L., Boto, E., Hill, R. M., & Brookes, M. J. (2025). Source reconstruction without an MRI using optically pumped magnetometer based magnetoencephalography (p. 2025.01.28.635329). bioRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.01.28.635329","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.28.635329"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.055","article-title":"A database of age-appropriate average MRI templates","volume":"124","author":"Richards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RP94561","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.94561","article-title":"Tracking the neurodevelopmental trajectory of beta band oscillations with optically pumped magnetometer-based magnetoencephalography","volume":"13","author":"Rier","year":"2024","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-183X.2003.00037.x","article-title":"Model of autism: Increased ratio of excitation\/inhibition in key neural systems","volume":"2","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes, Brain, and Behavior"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2021.101003","article-title":"Atypical development of emotional face processing networks in autism spectrum disorder from childhood through to adulthood","volume":"51","author":"Safar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57685","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057685","article-title":"Enhanced stimulus-induced gamma activity in humans during propofol-induced sedation","volume":"8","author":"Saxena","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/00107514.2023.2182950","article-title":"Quantum enabled functional neuroimaging: The why and how of magnetoencephalography using optically pumped magnetometers","volume":"63","author":"Schofield","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contemporary Physics"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.08.034","article-title":"Neurophysiologically-informed markers of individual variability and pharmacological manipulation of human cortical gamma","volume":"161","author":"Shaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117189","article-title":"Generative modelling of the thalamo-cortical circuit mechanisms underlying the neurophysiological effects of ketamine","volume":"221","author":"Shaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.012","article-title":"Ketamine amplifies induced gamma frequency oscillations in the human cerebral cortex","volume":"25","author":"Shaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0426-0","article-title":"Excitation-inhibition balance as a framework for investigating mechanisms in neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"24","author":"Sohal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"24","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.10.020","article-title":"Layer-specific entrainment of gamma-band neural activity by the alpha rhythm in monkey visual cortex","volume":"22","author":"Spaak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163133","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163133","article-title":"The contribution of increased gamma band connectivity to visual non-verbal reasoning in autistic children: A MEG study","volume":"11","author":"Takesaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(99)01299-1","article-title":"Oscillatory gamma activity in humans and its role in object representation","volume":"3","author":"Tallon-Baudry","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.05.006","article-title":"MEG sensor and source measures of visually induced gamma-band oscillations are highly reliable","volume":"137","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13488","article-title":"Early development of the cortical layers in the human brain","volume":"239","author":"Terashima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118484","article-title":"Modelling optically pumped magnetometer interference in MEG as a spatially homogeneous magnetic field","volume":"244","author":"Tierney","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1109\/10.623056","article-title":"Localization of brain electrical activity via linearly constrained minimum variance spatial filtering","volume":"44","author":"Van Veen","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2024.101433","article-title":"The development of aperiodic and periodic resting-state power between early childhood and adulthood: New insights from optically pumped magnetometers","volume":"69","author":"Vandewouw","year":"2024","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b70","first-page":"449","article-title":"Gamma-band synchronization and information transmission","volume-title":"Principles of neural coding","author":"Vinck","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6515","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/373612a0","article-title":"Synchronized oscillations in interneuron networks driven by metabotropic glutamate receptor activation","volume":"373","author":"Whittington","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00881-w","article-title":"Visuospatial alpha and gamma oscillations scale with the severity of cognitive dysfunction in patients on the Alzheimer\u2019s disease spectrum","volume":"13","author":"Wiesman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"34","key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13871","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1201478109","article-title":"Laminar analysis of visually evoked activity in the primary visual cortex","volume":"109","author":"Xing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2025040605553199800_imag_a_00527-b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.11.045","article-title":"Developmental maturation of excitation and inhibition balance in principal neurons across four layers of somatosensory cortex","volume":"174","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["Imaging Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/imag\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/imag_a_00527\/2508591\/imag_a_00527.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/imag\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/imag_a_00527\/2508591\/imag_a_00527.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]],"date-time":"2025-04-06T05:57:48Z","timestamp":1743919068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/imag\/article\/doi\/10.1162\/imag_a_00527\/128456\/Measuring-the-neurodevelopmental-trajectory-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":74,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/imag_a_00527","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.09.10.612351","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2837-6056"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2837-6056","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"imag_a_00527"}}