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However, corrections for body size (i.e., height and weight) are mostly lacking in clinical neuroimaging designs. This study investigates the importance of body size parameters in their relationship with spinal cord (SC) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics. Data were derived from a cosmopolitan population of 267 healthy human adults (age 30.1 \u00b1 6.6 years old, 125 females). We show that body height correlates with brain gray matter (GM) volume, cortical GM volume, total cerebellar volume, brainstem volume, and cross-sectional area (CSA) of cervical SC white matter (CSA-WM; 0.44 \u2264 r \u2264 0.62). Intracranial volume (ICV) correlates with body height (r = 0.46) and the brain volumes and CSA-WM (0.37 \u2264 r \u2264 0.77). In comparison, age correlates with cortical GM volume, precentral GM volume, and cortical thickness (-0.21 \u2265 r \u2265 -0.27). Body weight correlates with magnetization transfer ratio in the SC WM, dorsal columns, and lateral corticospinal tracts (-0.20 \u2265 r \u2265 -0.23). Body weight further correlates with the mean diffusivity derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in SC WM (r = -0.20) and dorsal columns (-0.21), but only in males. CSA-WM correlates with brain volumes (0.39 \u2264 r \u2264 0.64), and with precentral gyrus thickness and DTI-based fractional anisotropy in SC dorsal columns and SC lateral corticospinal tracts (-0.22 \u2265 r \u2265 -0.25). Linear mixture of age, sex, or sex and age, explained 2 \u00b1 2%, 24 \u00b1 10%, or 26 \u00b1 10%, of data variance in brain volumetry and SC CSA. The amount of explained variance increased to 33 \u00b1 11%, 41 \u00b1 17%, or 46 \u00b1 17%, when body height, ICV, or body height and ICV were added into the mixture model. In females, the explained variances halved suggesting another unidentified biological factor(s) determining females\u2019 central nervous system (CNS) morphology. In conclusion, body size and ICV are significant biological variables. Along with sex and age, body size should therefore be included as a mandatory variable in the design of clinical neuroimaging studies examining SC and brain structure; and body size and ICV should be considered as covariates in statistical analyses. Normalization of different brain regions with ICV diminishes their correlations with body size, but simultaneously amplifies ICV-related variance (r = 0.72 \u00b1 0.07) and suppresses volume variance of the different brain regions (r = 0.12 \u00b1 0.19) in the normalized measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T17:36:48Z","timestamp":1744738608000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Body size and intracranial volume interact with the structure of the central nervous system: A multi-center in vivo neuroimaging study"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0439-1304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Labounek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica T.","family":"Bondy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9188-3969","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amy L.","family":"Paulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9859-1133","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandrine","family":"B\u00e9dard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihael","family":"Abramovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6590-7234","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eva","family":"Alonso-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7075-1422","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicole T.","family":"Atcheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura R.","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6271-9414","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert L.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States"},{"name":"Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0520-1843","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markus","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia"},{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2231-2251","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marco","family":"Battiston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"B\u00fcchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Budde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States"},{"name":"Clement J. 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