{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:20:28Z","timestamp":1753881628666,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MIT Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":112,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001637","name":"Trinity College Dublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Studentship fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Studentship fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Auditory phantom perception, exemplified by tinnitus, is characterized by a perceptual experience without external stimuli. This study utilized two auditory illusions, the Zwicker Tone (ZT) and Conditioned Hallucinations (CH), as proxies to investigate the neural correlates of bottom-up and top-down mechanisms underlying phantom auditory perception. Using a within-subject design, ZT, driven by temporary sensory deficits, and CH, influenced by multisensory expectations, were examined in a sample of healthy participants. Electrophysiological measures revealed distinct time\u2013frequency patterns, with increased theta activity in central regions during ZT perception but decreased parietal theta power during CH perception. Key regions in the ZT network, including the medial prefrontal cortex, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and ventral posterior cingulate cortex, suggested the involvement of the default mode network and predictive processing in compensating for sensory deficits. In contrast, CH perception implicated the parahippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and inferior temporal gyrus in modulating multisensory associations and cognitive expectations. Taken together, this study revealed the neural mechanism of two auditory illusions, which enhances understanding of tinnitus mechanism. The results also highlight potential neural targets for neuromodulation interventions addressing both sensory and cognitive components of chronic phantom perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/imag_a_00574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T20:31:52Z","timestamp":1745440312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Auditory illusory models as proxies to investigate bottom-up and top-down neural networks of phantom perception"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Feifan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anusha","family":"Yasoda-Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colum \u00d3.","family":"S\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1513-5752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Vanneste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab for Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Brain Research Centre for Advanced, International, Innovative and Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025050915560118300_imag_a_00574-b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2012.00018","article-title":"Changes of oscillatory activity in pitch processing network and related tinnitus relief induced by acoustic CR neuromodulation","volume":"6","author":"Adamchic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025050915560118300_imag_a_00574-b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4121-2_6","article-title":"The \u201cbottom-up\u201d and \u201ctop-down\u201d components of the hallucinatory phenomenon","volume-title":"The neuroscience of hallucinations","author":"Aleman","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025050915560118300_imag_a_00574-b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.06.009","article-title":"The role of the parahippocampal cortex in cognition","volume":"17","author":"Aminoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2025050915560118300_imag_a_00574-b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86386","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.86386","article-title":"Altered hierarchical auditory predictive processing after lesions to the orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"13","author":"Asko","year":"2024","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"9904","key":"2025050915560118300_imag_a_00574-b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"382","author":"Baguley","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"45","key":"2025050915560118300_imag_a_00574-b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9689","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0251-18.2018","article-title":"Representation of real-world event schemas during narrative perception","volume":"38","author":"Baldassano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025050915560118300_imag_a_00574-b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(03)00172-3","article-title":"The insula (Island of Reil) and its role in auditory processing. 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