{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T21:03:03Z","timestamp":1772658183241,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000169","name":"Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1947685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1947685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000169","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Humans can create completely new concepts through semantic composition. These \u201cconceptual combinations\u201d can be created by attributing the features of one concept to another (e.g., a \u201clemon flamingo\u201d might be a yellow flamingo) or drawing on a relationship between concepts (e.g., a \u201clemon flamingo\u201d might consume lemons). We ask how semantic composition modulates the neural representations of underlying concepts. Combining fMRI with multivariate pattern analysis, we interrogate neural patterns for concepts before and after they were subjected to semantic composition. We observe a postcomposition shift in neural patterns underlying weakly constrained concepts in the visual system. The composition of strongly constrained combinations draws on a network of semantic regions that include the right inferior frontal gyrus, left angular gyrus, left lateral anterior temporal lobe, and posterior cingulate cortex. Finally, a subset of the semantic network, in the left parahippocampal gyrus, distinguishes the manner of composition: relational or attributive. These findings reveal that semantic composition has neural consequences for the composed concepts and that the manner of composition affects how the brain's semantic network is deployed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.a.108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T18:19:46Z","timestamp":1759256386000},"page":"353-364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Neural Consequences of Semantic Composition"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Heather","family":"Bruett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc N.","family":"Coutanche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030415360757800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.06.009","article-title":"The role of the parahippocampal cortex in cognition","volume":"17","author":"Aminoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2026030415360757800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1003","article-title":"Stop-signal inhibition disrupted by damage to right inferior frontal gyrus in humans","volume":"6","author":"Aron","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026030415360757800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.06.015","article-title":"Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the cognitive control of memory","volume":"45","author":"Badre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2026030415360757800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-011-0067-z","article-title":"How to switch on and switch off semantic priming effects for natural and artifactual categories: Activation processes in category memory depend on focusing specific feature dimensions","volume":"18","author":"Bermeitinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"key":"2026030415360757800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? 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