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There is a small but quickly growing body of peer-reviewed research on hyperfocus. Most of this research is dependent upon self-report measures with little consideration given to the neurocognitive mechanisms responsible for hyperfocus. To advance hyperfocus research, this nascent field must move beyond self-report to uncover the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this not-uncommon experience. On the basis of the reported phenomenology of hyperfocus, we propose that this experience frequently stems from a fracturing of prefrontal control hierarchies, which reduces the ability of higher-order contextual information to govern the contents of thought and action. More precisely, we propose that diminished functioning of fronto-striatal-thalamic loops, brought about by changes in the ascending arousal system, leads to a decoupling of intermediate-level contextual information (e.g., the activity one is hyperfocusing on) from the regulation of higher-order contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.a.2428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:42:52Z","timestamp":1767969772000},"page":"1152-1170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transient Frontal Fracturing: A Theoretical Account of Hyperfocus"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Derek M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford E.","family":"Hauenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Grafman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Think + Speak Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL"},{"name":"Northwestern University, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052712110706700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2022.06.005","article-title":"The brain in flow: A systematic review on the neural basis of the flow state","volume":"154","author":"Alameda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2026052712110706700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.04.008","article-title":"Control of arousal by the orexin neurons","volume":"23","author":"Alexandre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2026052712110706700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200009000-00022","article-title":"Genetics of childhood disorders: XVIII. 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