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Transcendental meditation (TM) offers a particularly tractable empirical model of PA because its procedure is standardized, its induction is effortless, and it reliably elicits reports of awareness with minimal content. We combined electroencephalography with temporal experience tracing in 33 experienced TM practitioners and their matched controls (performing mental counting). TM practitioners reported significantly greater intensity and temporal variability of PA, independent of years of meditation practice. We then used multivariate classification of theoretically motivated electroencephalography markers spanning temporal entropy, aperiodic activity, complexity, and linear and nonlinear functional connectivity. We observed a double dissociation. When TM was contrasted with counting, temporal entropy and aperiodic dynamics were the strongest discriminators, whereas phase-coherence functional connectivity contributed least. Conversely, when TM was contrasted with its own baseline, low-frequency functional connectivity dominated, whereas temporal entropy contributed minimally. Complementary topographical analyses indicated that these differences were not reducible to a few localized univariate effects, but were better understood as distributed multivariate neural patterns. Finally, TM showed little evidence of carryover into subsequent rest, whereas counting induced more residual change. Together, these findings provide a systematic electrophysiological characterization of PA and support neurophenomenology as a tractable framework for studying minimal phenomenal experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.a.2626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:22:32Z","timestamp":1780071752000},"page":"2028-2045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Distilling the Neurophenomenological Signatures of Pure Awareness during Transcendental Meditation"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Chandia-Jorquera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean D.","family":"van Mil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Estarellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge"},{"name":"McGill University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Dauphin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge"},{"name":"University of Granada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Pascovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge"},{"name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2747-8894","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andres","family":"Canales-Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge"},{"name":"University of Helsinki"},{"name":"Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091014203299100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.01.25.577204","article-title":"The temporal dynamics of aperiodic neural activity track changes in sleep architecture","author":"Ameen","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2026091014203299100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14082","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14082","article-title":"Post-training sleep modulates motor adaptation and task-related beta oscillations","volume":"33","author":"Ameen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"key":"2026091014203299100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"niaf013","DOI":"10.1093\/nc\/niaf013","article-title":"Meditation and complexity: A review and synthesis of evidence","volume":"2025","author":"Atad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuroscience of Consciousness"},{"key":"2026091014203299100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.88.174102","article-title":"Permutation entropy: A natural complexity measure for time series","volume":"88","author":"Bandt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physical Review Letters"},{"key":"2026091014203299100_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1648252026","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1648-25.2026","article-title":"Delayed, reduced, and redundant: Information processing of prediction errors during human sleep","volume":"46","author":"Blume","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026091014203299100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7142","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0343-20.2020","article-title":"Decreased alertness reconfigures cognitive control networks","volume":"40","author":"Canales-Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026091014203299100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canales-Johnson, A., Beerendonk, L., Chennu, S., Davidson, M. 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