{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:55:48Z","timestamp":1787018148615,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Memory training (MT) in older adults with memory deficits often leads to frustration and, therefore, is usually not recommended. Here, we pursued an alternative approach and looked for transfer effects of 1-week attentional filter training (FT) on working memory performance and its neuronal correlates in young healthy humans. The FT effects were compared with pure MT, which lacked the necessity to filter out irrelevant information. Before and after training, all participants performed an fMRI experiment that included a combined task in which stimuli had to be both filtered based on color and stored in memory. We found that training induced processing changes by biasing either filtering or storage. FT induced larger transfer effects on the untrained cognitive function than MT. FT increased neuronal activity in frontal parts of the neuronal gatekeeper network, which is proposed to hinder irrelevant information from being unnecessarily stored in memory. MT decreased neuronal activity in the BG part of the gatekeeper network but enhanced activity in the parietal storage node. We take these findings as evidence that FT renders working memory more efficient by strengthening the BG\u2013prefrontal gatekeeper network. MT, on the other hand, simply stimulates storage of any kind of information. These findings illustrate a tight connection between working memory and attention, and they may open up new avenues for ameliorating memory deficits in patients with cognitive impairments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]],"date-time":"2016-01-14T15:57:02Z","timestamp":1452787022000},"page":"636-642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Training of Attentional Filtering, but Not of Memory Storage, Enhances Working Memory Efficiency by Strengthening the Neuronal Gatekeeper Network"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Marlen","family":"Schmicker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)"},{"name":"2Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Schwefel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)"},{"name":"2Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Katrin","family":"Vellage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)"},{"name":"2Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Notger G.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)"},{"name":"2Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021073020572738300_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003260.pub2","article-title":"Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia","author":"Bahar-Fuchs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database System Review 6: CD003260"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01003922","article-title":"The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity","volume":"24","author":"Cowan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R3","first-page":"139","article-title":"NIH public access","volume":"10","author":"Cowan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155466","article-title":"Transfer of learning after updating training mediated by the striatum","volume":"320","author":"Dahlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014296","article-title":"Plasticity of executive functioning in young and older adults: Immediate training gains, transfer, and long-term maintenance","volume":"23","author":"Dahlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.10.002","article-title":"An fMRI study of reward-related probability learning","volume":"24","author":"Delgado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.4.745","article-title":"Plasticity of cortical activation related to working memory during training","volume":"161","author":"Hempel","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00848.x","article-title":"Adaptive training leads to sustained enhancement of poor working memory in children","volume":"12","author":"Holmes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R8","first-page":"284","article-title":"The neural mechanisms of top\u2013down attentional control","volume":"3","author":"Hopfinger","year":"2000"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5445.1745","article-title":"Building neural representations of habits","volume":"286","author":"Jog","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1027\/2151-2604\/a000125","article-title":"A review of the role of cue processing in task switching","volume":"221","author":"Jost","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Psychologie"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00216","article-title":"Neural correlates of learning to attend","volume":"4","author":"Kelley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014343","article-title":"Working memory plasticity in old age: Practice gain, transfer, and maintenance","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.06.006","article-title":"Visual working memory capacity: From psychophysics and neurobiology to individual differences","volume":"17","author":"Luck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2024","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia control access to working memory","volume":"11","author":"McNab","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2009-0496","article-title":"Cognitive plasticity in adulthood and old age: Gauging the generality of cognitive intervention effects","volume":"27","author":"Noack","year":"2009","journal-title":"Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09042","article-title":"Putting brain training to the test","volume":"465","author":"Owen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142937","article-title":"Learning and memory functions of the basal ganglia","volume":"25","author":"Packard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/78856","article-title":"Activity in primary visual cortex predicts performance in a visual detection task","volume":"3","author":"Ress","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3401-04.2005","article-title":"The roles of the caudate nucleus in human classification learning","volume":"25","author":"Seger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2006.00789.x","article-title":"Cognitive training in Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis of the literature","volume":"114","author":"Sitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2013.07.013","article-title":"Training working memory: Limits of transfer","volume":"41","author":"Sprenger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R21","first-page":"144","article-title":"Posterior parietal cortex activity predicts individual differences in visual short-term memory capacity","volume":"5","author":"Todd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02447","article-title":"Neural activity predicts individual differences in visual working memory capacity","volume":"428","author":"Vogel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021073020572738300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04171","article-title":"Neural measures reveal individual differences in controlling access to working memory","volume":"438","author":"Vogel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/28\/4\/636\/1950181\/jocn_a_00922.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/28\/4\/636\/1950181\/jocn_a_00922.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T20:52:29Z","timestamp":1627678349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/28\/4\/636\/28481\/Training-of-Attentional-Filtering-but-Not-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00922","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]}}}