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When this happens, our choices appear not to be constrained by external factors and, instead, we can believe to be selecting \u201crandomly.\u201d Furthermore, randomness is sometimes even explicitly required by task conditions such as in random sequence generation tasks. This is a challenging task that involves the coordination of multiple cognitive processes, which can include the inhibition of habitual choice patterns and monitoring of the running choice sequence. It has been shown that random choices are strongly influenced by the way they are instructed. This raises the question whether the brain mechanisms underlying random selection also differ between different task instructions. To assess this, we measured brain activity while participants were engaging in three different variations of a sequence generation task: On the basis of previous work, participants were instructed to either (1) \u201cgenerate a random sequence of choices,\u201d (2) \u201csimulate a fair coin toss,\u201d or (3) \u201cchoose freely.\u201d Our results reveal a consistent frontoparietal activation pattern that is shared across all tasks. Specifically, increased activity was observed in bilateral inferior and right middle frontal gyrus, left pre-SMA, bilateral inferior parietal lobules, and portions of anterior insular cortex in both hemispheres. Activity in the mental coin toss condition was higher in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left (pre-) SMA, a portion of right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral superior parietal lobules, and bilateral anterior insula. In addition, our multivariate analysis revealed a distinct region in the right frontal pole to be predictive of the outcome of choices, but only when randomness was explicitly instructed. These results emphasize that different randomization tasks involve both shared and unique neural mechanisms. Thus, even seemingly similar randomization behavior can be produced by different neural pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T10:04:39Z","timestamp":1733133879000},"page":"621-640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neural Correlates of Different Randomization Tasks"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Maja","family":"Guseva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin"},{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Bogler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Allefeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of London"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ece B\u00fc\u015fra","family":"Ziya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John-Dylan","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin"},{"name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025070314450867500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000021","article-title":"Inner speech: Development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology","volume":"141","author":"Alderson-Day","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2025070314450867500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.07.040","article-title":"Valid population inference for information-based imaging: From the second-level t-test to prevalence inference","volume":"141","author":"Allefeld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025070314450867500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1311.0753","article-title":"Sequential dependencies between trials in free choice tasks","author":"Allefeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"2025070314450867500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929055002427","article-title":"Tracing problem solving in real time: fMRI analysis of the subject-paced Tower of Hanoi","volume":"17","author":"Anderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025070314450867500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470773666","volume-title":"Statistical methods in medical research","author":"Armitage","year":"2002","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"2025070314450867500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.12.003","article-title":"Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex: One decade on","volume":"18","author":"Aron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2025070314450867500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.9.1517","article-title":"Working memory control in patients with schizophrenia: A PET study during a random number generation task","volume":"157","author":"Artiges","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070314450867500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018","article-title":"Unified segmentation","volume":"26","author":"Ashburner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025070314450867500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.3960020403","article-title":"Psychological conceptions of randomness","volume":"2","author":"Ayton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making"},{"key":"2025070314450867500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639608408990","article-title":"Working memory and supervisory control after severe closed-head injury. 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