{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:07:26Z","timestamp":1790683646166,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"United Kingdom Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SIPF00006\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIPF00006\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Storytelling is a fundamental and universal human behavior, representing a vehicle for cultural information exchange throughout human history. In the present day, consumption of narrative audiovisual media is one of the most common recreational activities worldwide. Despite the importance and ubiquity of storytelling, relatively little is known about the neurocognitive mechanisms by which narrative media capture and sustain our attention. In this study, 40 participants watched 10 short clips from television shows of various genres while electroencephalography, eye tracking, heart rate, and self-report data were recorded. Self-reported immersion and three of the four components of narrative engagement that we examined\u2014attentional focus, emotional engagement, and narrative presence\u2014were associated with interindividual synchrony in heart rate and gaze behavior, but were associated with relatively distinct patterns of neural activity (electroencephalography power amplitude and functional connectivity). Narrative understanding, on the other hand, was not associated with heart rate or gaze synchrony. Furthermore, structural equation modeling revealed directionally opposing relationships between overall alpha-band connectivity and narrative presence on the one hand (positive), and narrative understanding (negative) on the other. These results suggest narrative understanding may be associated with a different set of neurocognitive processes to the other dimensions of narrative engagement. These findings point toward a bifurcated model of narrative engagement and raise interesting theoretical questions about the role of narrative comprehension in this process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T14:44:43Z","timestamp":1745851483000},"page":"1787-1808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Electroencephalographic Functional Connectivity, Heartrate Synchrony, and Eye Movements Reveal Distinct Components within Narrative Engagement and Immersion"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1020-2939","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felix","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain D.","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bristol"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danae","family":"Stanton-Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bath"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1815321116","article-title":"Modular reconfiguration of an auditory control brain network supports adaptive listening behavior","volume":"116","author":"Alavash","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00232","article-title":"Deconstructing the \u201cresting\u201d state: Exploring the temporal dynamics of frontal alpha asymmetry as an endophenotype for depression","volume":"4","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-014-0550-3","article-title":"A comparison of scanpath comparison methods","volume":"47","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01030-4","article-title":"Sensory coding accuracy and perceptual performance are improved during the desynchronized cortical state","volume":"8","author":"Beaman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib5","volume-title":"Application note 142: AcqKnowledge and BSL PRO Find Rate Detector","author":"Biopac Systems, Inc.","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.048","article-title":"Single-trial analysis and classification of ERP components\u2014A tutorial","volume":"56","author":"Blankertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1509\/jmr.13.0572","article-title":"Brain responses to movie trailers predict individual preferences for movies and their population-wide commercial success","volume":"52","author":"Boksem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3530","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073530","article-title":"Modulations of cortical power and connectivity in alpha and beta bands during the preparation of reaching movements","volume":"23","author":"Borra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1444","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.1444","article-title":"The evolution of stories: From mimesis to language, from fact to fiction","volume":"9","author":"Boyd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1352642","article-title":"Spatial filter approach for evaluation of the surface Laplacian of the electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram","volume":"29","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2013.43A039","article-title":"Approach the good, withdraw from the bad\u2014A review on frontal alpha asymmetry measures in applied psychological research","volume":"4","author":"Briesemeister","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychology"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2008.00322.x","article-title":"Fictionality and perceived realism in experiencing stories: A model of narrative comprehension and engagement","volume":"18","author":"Busselle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Communication Theory"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/15213260903287259","article-title":"Measuring narrative engagement","volume":"12","author":"Busselle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Media Psychology"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.03.009","article-title":"Feelings and emotions: Roles for electrophysiological markers","volume":"67","author":"Cacioppo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/aca0000699","article-title":"From story to heartbeats: Physiological synchrony in theater audiences","author":"Carter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.04.012","article-title":"Frontal theta as a mechanism for cognitive control","volume":"18","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00487","article-title":"Embodied comprehension of stories: Interactions between language regions and modality-specific neural systems","volume":"26","author":"Chow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2017.00072","article-title":"Your brain on the movies: A computational approach for predicting box-office performance from viewer's brain responses to movie trailers","volume":"11","author":"Christoforou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9609.001.0001","volume-title":"Analyzing neural time series data: Theory and practice","author":"Cohen","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04402-4","article-title":"Engaging narratives evoke similar neural activity and lead to similar time perception","volume":"7","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0203-16.2016","article-title":"Memorable audiovisual narratives synchronize sensory and supramodal neural responses","volume":"3","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.3.692","article-title":"ScanMatch: A novel method for comparing fixation sequences","volume":"42","author":"Cristino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib23","volume-title":"Finding flow: The psychology of engagement with everyday life","author":"Csikszentmihalyi","year":"1997"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15279","article-title":"Audio\u2013visual concert performances synchronize audience's heart rates","volume":"543","author":"Czepiel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: An open-source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0484-22.2023","article-title":"Exploring the neural processes behind narrative engagement: An EEG study","volume":"10","author":"Dini","year":"2023","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5567","article-title":"Audience preferences are predicted by temporal reliability of neural processing","volume":"5","author":"Dmochowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00112","article-title":"Correlated components of ongoing EEG point to emotionally laden attention\u2014A possible marker of engagement?","volume":"6","author":"Dmochowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e276","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X21000923","article-title":"Why imaginary worlds? The psychological foundations and cultural evolution of fictions with imaginary worlds","volume":"45","author":"Dubourg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0159741","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159741","article-title":"Anticipation of monetary reward can attenuate the vigilance decrement","volume":"11","author":"Esterman","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000019","article-title":"Reward reveals dissociable aspects of sustained attention","volume":"143","author":"Esterman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1207\/s15328007sem1203_1","article-title":"Sensitivity of fit indexes to misspecified structural or measurement model components: Rationale of two-index strategy revisited","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929053747658","article-title":"Emotional and temporal aspects of situation model processing during text comprehension: An event-related fMRI study","volume":"17","author":"Ferstl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.09.046","article-title":"Time, space and emotion: fMRI reveals content-specific activation during text comprehension","volume":"427","author":"Ferstl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2402","article-title":"Basal forebrain activation enhances cortical coding of natural scenes","volume":"12","author":"Goard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2004.tb00317.x","article-title":"Understanding media enjoyment: The role of transportation into narrative worlds","volume":"14","author":"Green","year":"2004","journal-title":"Communication Theory"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73066-8","article-title":"Narrative predicts cardiac synchrony in audiences","volume":"14","author":"Hammond","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s41235-023-00475-0","article-title":"Audience immersion: Validating attentional and physiological measures against self-report","volume":"8","author":"Hammond","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3084","article-title":"Cortical state and attention","volume":"12","author":"Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3167\/proj.2008.020102","article-title":"Neurocinematics: The neuroscience of film","volume":"2","author":"Hasson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Projections"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.02.002","article-title":"Interbrain synchrony: On wavy ground","volume":"45","author":"Holroyd","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15351","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15351","article-title":"A review of visual sustained attention: Neural mechanisms and computational models","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41235-017-0080-5","article-title":"What is the role of the film viewer? The effects of narrative comprehension and viewing task on gaze control in film","volume":"2","author":"Hutson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00186","article-title":"Shaping functional architecture by oscillatory alpha activity: Gating by inhibition","volume":"4","author":"Jensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003033226-22","article-title":"Quantifying dance in the audience's mind: A methodological quest for neuroscience research","volume-title":"Routledge companion to audiences and the performing arts","author":"Jola","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.06.001","article-title":"On the benefits of using surface Laplacian (current source density) methodology in electrophysiology","volume":"97","author":"Kayser","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2942-15.2016","article-title":"Attention strongly modulates reliability of neural responses to naturalistic narrative stimuli","volume":"36","author":"Ki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00056-3","article-title":"EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: A review and analysis","volume":"29","author":"Klimesch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Research Reviews"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05417.x","article-title":"Task-related differential dynamics of EEG alpha-and beta-band synchronization in cortico-basal motor structures","volume":"25","author":"Klostermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.07.13.548681","article-title":"The reward system plays a role in natural story comprehension","author":"Kobo","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-023-06741-3","article-title":"The role of engagement and arousal in emotion regulation: An EEG study","volume":"242","author":"Kosonogov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib53","volume-title":"clean_rawdata","author":"Kothe","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2015.08.003","article-title":"The sense of effort","volume":"7","author":"Kurzban","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X12003196","article-title":"An opportunity cost model of subjective effort and task performance","volume":"36","author":"Kurzban","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.08.155","article-title":"Towards conductive-gel-free electrodes: Understanding the wet electrode, semi-dry electrode and dry electrode-skin interface impedance using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy fitting","volume":"277","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0142474","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142474","article-title":"What would jaws do? The tyranny of film and the relationship between gaze and higher-level narrative film comprehension","volume":"10","author":"Loschky","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.20.9.2","article-title":"Overt attentional correlates of memorability of scene images and their relationships to scene semantics","volume":"20","author":"Lyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2016980118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016980118","article-title":"Synchronized eye movements predict test scores in online video education","volume":"118","author":"Madsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pgac020","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgac020","article-title":"Cognitive processing of a common stimulus synchronizes brains, hearts, and eyes","volume":"1","author":"Madsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114081","article-title":"Bidirectional brain\u2013body interactions during natural story listening","volume":"43","author":"Madsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6414","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5773-10.2011","article-title":"State-dependent representation of amplitude-modulated noise stimuli in rat auditory cortex","volume":"31","author":"Marguet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024","article-title":"Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG-and MEG-data","volume":"164","author":"Maris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105846","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01131","article-title":"Storytelling, behavior planning, and language evolution in context","volume":"5","author":"McBride","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e20725","article-title":"A scalable and robust system for audience EEG recordings","volume":"9","author":"Michalareas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-010-9074-z","article-title":"Clustering of gaze during dynamic scene viewing is predicted by motion","volume":"3","author":"Mital","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognitive Computation"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20539-9","article-title":"Time\u2013frequency super-resolution with superlets","volume":"12","author":"Moca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1109\/tbme.2015.2481482","article-title":"Real-time neuroimaging and cognitive monitoring using wearable dry EEG","volume":"62","author":"Mullen","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/s0028-3932(02)00126-4","article-title":"Word-category specific deficits after lesions in the right hemisphere","volume":"41","author":"Neininger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156869","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869","article-title":"FieldTrip: Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data","volume":"2011","author":"Oostenveld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1801.08881","article-title":"Correlated components analysis-extracting reliable dimensions in multivariate data","author":"Parra","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.08881"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-01193-y","article-title":"PsychoPy2: Experiments in behavior made easy","volume":"51","author":"Peirce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109692","article-title":"Conscious processing of narrative stimuli synchronizes heart rate between individuals","volume":"36","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3552","article-title":"Fast modulation of visual perception by basal forebrain cholinergic neurons","volume":"16","author":"Pinto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43916","article-title":"EEG in the classroom: Synchronised neural recordings during video presentation","volume":"7","author":"Poulsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","article-title":"Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling","volume":"48","author":"Rosseel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2008.01.012","article-title":"Intraindividual variability in electrocardiograms","volume":"41","author":"Schijvenaars","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Electrocardiology"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-072116-031526","article-title":"Toward a rational and mechanistic account of mental effort","volume":"40","author":"Shenhav","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0214507","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214507","article-title":"Individual EEG measures of attention, memory, and motivation predict population level TV viewership and twitter engagement","volume":"14","author":"Shestyuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021905118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021905118","article-title":"Neural signatures of attentional engagement during narratives and its consequences for event memory","volume":"118","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A."},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02397.x","article-title":"Reading stories activates neural representations of visual and motor experiences","volume":"20","author":"Speer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107887","article-title":"Age differences in resting state EEG and their relation to eye movements and cognitive performance","volume":"157","author":"Stacey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20346","article-title":"Phase lag index: Assessment of functional connectivity from multi channel EEG and MEG with diminished bias from common sources","volume":"28","author":"Stam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750248","DOI":"10.3389\/fnrgo.2021.750248","article-title":"Unsupervised clustering of individuals sharing selective attentional focus using physiological synchrony","volume":"2","author":"Stuldreher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroergonomics"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib85","volume-title":"Lab Streaming Layer","author":"Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience","year":".."},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.05.008","article-title":"Surface Laplacians (SL) and phase properties of EEG rhythms: Simulated generators in a volume-conduction model","volume":"97","author":"Tenke","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614556681","article-title":"A resource-control account of sustained attention: Evidence from mind-wandering and vigilance paradigms","volume":"10","author":"Thomson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib88","volume-title":"SUSY: Surrogate Synchrony","author":"Tschacher","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14843","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41960-2","article-title":"Audience synchronies in live concerts illustrate the embodiment of music experience","volume":"13","author":"Tschacher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2019.1612114","article-title":"Physiological synchrony in psychotherapy sessions","volume":"30","author":"Tschacher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychotherapy Research"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665319","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.665319","article-title":"Functional brain connectivity during narrative processing relates to transportation and story influence","volume":"15","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611412387","article-title":"A functional role for the motor system in language understanding: Evidence from theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"22","author":"Willems","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3009974","article-title":"Exploring audience response in performing arts with a brain-adaptive digital performance system","volume":"7","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr4001_5","article-title":"Fit indices versus test statistics","volume":"40","author":"Yuan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"key":"2025083113213816500_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050007","DOI":"10.1142\/s0129065720500070","article-title":"Distinct patterns of functional connectivity during the comprehension of natural, narrative speech","volume":"30","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Neural Systems"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/37\/10\/1787\/2520373\/jocn_a_02338.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/37\/10\/1787\/2520373\/jocn_a_02338.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T17:21:44Z","timestamp":1756660904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/37\/10\/1787\/130559\/Electroencephalographic-Functional-Connectivity"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_02338","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}