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Behavioral results show that music, particularly when predictable and schematic, enhances visual sequential encoding. fMRI data indicate that parahippocampal and striatal engagement during visual sequence encoding is decreased with music, suggesting more efficient encoding when music is present. Importantly, music increased prefrontal\u2013medial temporal lobe connectivity during visual encoding, a network highly associated with schema interactions with new learning. We also demonstrate improved encoding as a function of the syntactical schema of music, which was associated with increased functional connectivity between the striatum and the hippocampus, a critical network for sequence learning. We propose that music with certain forms of predictability may aid parallel visual temporal order learning by reducing neural encoding demands and providing schematic temporal structure that strengthens the connectivity between the medial temporal lobe and frontostriatal loops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_02347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T13:36:43Z","timestamp":1747057003000},"page":"1966-1990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Music Modulates Medial Temporal Lobe Connectivity with Frontostriatal Loops and Enhances Visual Sequential Learning"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8607-4005","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yiren","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of 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