{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:09:27Z","timestamp":1790777367460,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Neurobiology in Israel","award":["208-11-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["208-11-12"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1052\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1052\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The current study explores the effects of time and sleep on the consolidation of a novel language learning task containing both item-specific knowledge and the extraction of grammatical regularities. We also compare consolidation effects in language and motor sequence learning tasks, to ask whether consolidation mechanisms are domain general. Young adults learned to apply plural inflections to novel words based on morphophonological rules embedded in the input, and learned to type a motor sequence using a keyboard. Participants were randomly assigned into one of two groups, practicing each task during either the morning or evening hours. Both groups were retested 12 and 24 hours post-training. Performance on frequent trained items in the language task stabilized only following sleep, consistent with a hippocampal mechanism for item-specific learning. However, regularity extraction, indicated by generalization to untrained items in the linguistic task, as well as performance on motor sequence learning, improved 24 hours post-training, irrespective of the timing of sleep. This consolidation process is consistent with a frontostriatal skill-learning mechanism, common across the language and motor domains. This conclusion is further reinforced by cross-domain correlations at the individual level between improvement across 24 hours in the motor task and in the low-frequency trained items in the linguistic task, which involve regularity extraction. Taken together, our results at the group and individual levels suggest that some aspects of consolidation are shared across the motor and language domains, and more specifically, between motor sequence learning and grammar learning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/nol_a_00060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T20:22:05Z","timestamp":1636402925000},"page":"180-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of Sleep on Language and Motor Consolidation: Evidence of Domain General and Specific Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6077-8728","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dafna","family":"Ben-Zion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0322-0757","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ella","family":"Gabitov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8026-2825","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anat","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6160-587X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tali","family":"Bitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Speech Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2022021715082930800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article e62501","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062501","article-title":"Learning to attend to threat accelerates and enhances memory consolidation","volume":"8","author":"Abend","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.01.048","article-title":"Atypical acquisition and atypical expression of memory consolidation gains in a motor skill in young female adults with ADHD","volume":"32","author":"Adi-Japha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.12.049","article-title":"Maintaining vs. enhancing motor sequence memories: Respective roles of striatal and hippocampal systems","volume":"108","author":"Albouy","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.02.008","article-title":"Both the hippocampus and striatum are involved in consolidation of motor sequence memory","volume":"58","author":"Albouy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.024","article-title":"Sleep facilitates learning a new linguistic rule","volume":"65","author":"Batterink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib6","volume-title":"Phonological awareness test","author":"Ben-Dror","year":"1996"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article 2312","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02312","article-title":"Prior knowledge predicts early consolidation in second language learning","volume":"10","author":"Ben Zion","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"6588","key":"2022021715082930800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/382252a0","article-title":"Consolidation in human motor memory","volume":"382","author":"Brashers-Krug","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"42","key":"2022021715082930800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13977","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3295-10.2010","article-title":"Consolidating the effects of waking and sleep on motor-sequence learning","volume":"30","author":"Brawn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article 16","DOI":"10.5334\/joc.72","article-title":"How many participants do we have to include in properly powered experiments? A tutorial of power analysis with reference tables","volume":"2","author":"Brysbaert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.09.003","article-title":"Memory consolidation in sleep disorders","volume":"35","author":"Cellini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"issue":"17","key":"2022021715082930800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.07.047","article-title":"Modification of existing human motor memories is enabled by primary cortical processing during memory reactivation","volume":"20","author":"Censor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"23","key":"2022021715082930800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.07.022","article-title":"A link between perceptual learning, adaptation and sleep","volume":"46","author":"Censor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022021715082930800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3315","article-title":"Common mechanisms of human perceptual and motor learning","volume":"13","author":"Censor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2011.11.005","article-title":"Role of the striatum in language: Syntactic and conceptual sequencing","volume":"125","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000908009148","article-title":"The contribution of language skills to reading fluency: A comparison of two orthographies for Hebrew","volume":"36","author":"Cohen-Mimran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Child Language"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.10.033","article-title":"Supplementary motor area as key structure for domain-general sequence processing: A unified account","volume":"72","author":"Cona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2020.06.002","article-title":"How robust are sleep-mediated memory benefits?","volume":"67","author":"Cordi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.08.048","article-title":"Dynamics of motor-related functional integration during motor sequence learning","volume":"49","author":"Coynel","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5922","key":"2022021715082930800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/304111a0","article-title":"The function of dream sleep","volume":"304","author":"Crick","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1536","key":"2022021715082930800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0111","article-title":"A complementary systems account of word learning: Neural and behavioural evidence","volume":"364","author":"Davis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.05.022","article-title":"Off-line consolidation of motor sequence learning results in greater integration within a cortico-striatal functional network","volume":"99","author":"Debas","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"41","key":"2022021715082930800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17839","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013176107","article-title":"Brain plasticity related to the consolidation of motor sequence learning and motor adaptation","volume":"107","author":"Debas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"11","key":"2022021715082930800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1101\/LM.051383.120","article-title":"The roles of item exposure and visualization success in the consolidation of memories across wake and sleep","volume":"27","author":"Denis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Learning and Memory"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2762","article-title":"The memory function of sleep","volume":"11","author":"Diekelmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022021715082930800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.08.002","article-title":"The whats and whens of sleep-dependent memory consolidation","volume":"13","author":"Diekelmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article e28673","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028673","article-title":"Sequence specific motor performance gains after memory consolidation in children and adolescents","volume":"7","author":"Dorfberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2017.11.012","article-title":"Current issues related to motor sequence learning in humans","volume":"20","author":"Doyon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1748-y","article-title":"Contribution of night and day sleep vs. simple passage of time to the consolidation of motor sequence and visuomotor adaptation learning","volume":"195","author":"Doyon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.55.090902.142050","article-title":"The neurobiology of consolidations, or, how stable is the engram?","volume":"55","author":"Dudai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.004","article-title":"The consolidation and transformation of memory","volume":"88","author":"Dudai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.06.007","article-title":"Sleep not just protects memories against forgetting, it also makes them more accessible","volume":"74","author":"Dumay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01845.x","article-title":"Sleep-associated changes in the mental representation of spoken words","volume":"18","author":"Dumay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022021715082930800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.015","article-title":"Sleep-dependent consolidation of statistical learning","volume":"49","author":"Durrant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"18","key":"2022021715082930800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7723","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700094104","article-title":"Human relational memory requires time and sleep","volume":"104","author":"Ellenbogen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"13","key":"2022021715082930800_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.05.024","article-title":"Interfering with theories of sleep and memory: Sleep, declarative memory, and associative interference","volume":"16","author":"Ellenbogen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022021715082930800_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.10.006","article-title":"The role of sleep in declarative memory consolidation: Passive, permissive, active or none?","volume":"16","author":"Ellenbogen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.08.061","article-title":"Rewiring the brain with repeated retrieval: A parametric fMRI study of the testing effect","volume":"505","author":"Eriksson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.08.020","article-title":"From discourse to pathology: Automatic identification of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients via morphological measures across three languages","volume":"132","author":"Eyigoz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025268","article-title":"Individual differences in working memory capacity predict sleep-dependent memory consolidation","volume":"141","author":"Fenn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-014-0731-1","article-title":"General intelligence predicts memory change across sleep","volume":"22","author":"Fenn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin and Review"},{"issue":"6958","key":"2022021715082930800_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01951","article-title":"Consolidation during sleep of perceptual learning of spoken language","volume":"425","author":"Fenn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022021715082930800_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20422","article-title":"The extended language network: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on text comprehension","volume":"29","author":"Ferstl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.3.311","article-title":"Implicit learning-explicit knowing: A role for sleep in memory system interaction","volume":"18","author":"Fischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"18","key":"2022021715082930800_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11987","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182178199","article-title":"Sleep forms memory for finger skills","volume":"99","author":"Fischer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"49","key":"2022021715082930800_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11248","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1743-05.2005","article-title":"Motor memory consolidation in sleep shapes more effective neuronal representations","volume":"25","author":"Fischer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09677-1","article-title":"Re-stepping into the same river: Competition problem rather than a reconsolidation failure in an established motor skill","volume":"7","author":"Gabitov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article 1242","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01242","article-title":"Weaker inter-hemispheric and local functional connectivity of the somatomotor cortex during a motor skill acquisition is associated with better learning","volume":"10","author":"Gabitov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022021715082930800_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00675","article-title":"Done that: Short-term repetition related modulations of motor cortex activity as a stable signature for overnight motor memory consolidation","volume":"26","author":"Gabitov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022021715082930800_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00751","article-title":"Patterns of modulation in the activity and connectivity of motor cortex during the repeated generation of movement sequences","volume":"27","author":"Gabitov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270184","article-title":"Learning from the other limb\u2019s experience: Sharing the \u2018trained\u2019 M1 representation of the motor sequence knowledge","volume":"594","author":"Gabitov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.132106","article-title":"Sleep after learning aids memory recall","volume":"13","author":"Gais","year":"2006","journal-title":"Learning and Memory"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article 321","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00321","article-title":"A delayed advantage: Multi-session training at evening hours leads to better long-term retention of motor skill in the elderly","volume":"11","author":"Gal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.08.044","article-title":"Resting state connectivity immediately following learning correlates with subsequent sleep-dependent enhancement of motor task performance","volume":"102","author":"Gregory","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022021715082930800_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.07.026","article-title":"Grammar predicts procedural learning and consolidation deficits in children with specific language impairment","volume":"32","author":"Hedenius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article 665","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00665","article-title":"A nap but not rest or activity consolidates language learning","volume":"8","author":"Heim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.11.002","article-title":"A sequence learning impairment in dyslexia? It depends on the task","volume":"60","author":"Henderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022021715082930800_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2012.01172.x","article-title":"Consolidation of vocabulary is associated with sleep in children","volume":"15","author":"Henderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2013.07.004","article-title":"Learning new vocabulary during childhood: Effects of semantic training on lexical consolidation and integration","volume":"116","author":"Henderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Child Psychology"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.06.030","article-title":"The role of the supplementary motor area for speech and language processing","volume":"68","author":"Hertrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(02)00307-0","article-title":"Central mechanisms of motor skill learning","volume":"12","author":"Hikosaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib62","first-page":"97","article-title":"A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms","volume":"4","author":"Horne","year":"1976","journal-title":"International Journal of Chronobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000223","article-title":"Promoting memory consolidation during sleep: A meta-analysis of targeted memory reactivation","volume":"146","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.054","article-title":"Consolidation of vocabulary during sleep: The rich get richer?","volume":"77","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022021715082930800_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.2307\/1414040","article-title":"Obliviscence during sleep and waking","volume":"35","author":"Jenkins","year":"1924","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"8946","key":"2022021715082930800_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90386-0","article-title":"When practice makes perfect","volume":"345","author":"Karni","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.3.861","article-title":"The acquisition of skilled motor performance: Fast and slow experience-driven changes in primary motor cortex","volume":"95","author":"Karni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-016-0750-0","article-title":"Sleep-independent off-line enhancement and time of the day effects in three forms of skill learning","volume":"17","author":"Kem\u00e9ny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognitive Processing"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib70","article-title":"Generalization through memorization: Nearest neighbor language models","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"ArXiv"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022021715082930800_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1017\/S0272263120000200","article-title":"Sleep-dependent consolidation of second language grammar knowledge","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.04.026","article-title":"Sleeping on the motor engram: The multifaceted nature of sleep-related motor memory consolidation","volume":"80","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022021715082930800_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0467-3","article-title":"Mechanisms of systems memory consolidation during sleep","volume":"22","author":"Klinzing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022021715082930800_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1959","article-title":"Daytime sleep condenses the time course of motor memory consolidation","volume":"10","author":"Korman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1101\/LM.052522.120","article-title":"Better later: Evening practice is advantageous for motor skill consolidation in the elderly","volume":"28","author":"Korman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Learning and Memory"},{"issue":"21","key":"2022021715082930800_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12492","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2035019100","article-title":"Multiple shifts in the representation of a motor sequence during the acquisition of skilled performance","volume":"100","author":"Korman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/1475725720965363","article-title":"Using day and night \u2013 Scheduling retrieval practice and sleep","volume":"20","author":"Kroneisen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychology Learning and Teaching"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028681","article-title":"Generalization through the recurrent interaction of episodic memories: A model of the hippocampal system","volume":"119","author":"Kumaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.011","article-title":"Neural representations for newly learned words are modulated by overnight consolidation, reading skill, and age","volume":"111","author":"Landi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"35","key":"2022021715082930800_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12566","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502762102","article-title":"Distinct basal ganglia territories are engaged in early and advanced motor sequence learning","volume":"102","author":"Leh\u00e9ricy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.05.004","article-title":"Sleep and the extraction of hidden regularities: A systematic review and the importance of temporal rules","volume":"47","author":"Lerner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022021715082930800_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.06.004","article-title":"Overlapping memory replay during sleep builds cognitive schemata","volume":"15","author":"Lewis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.10.011","article-title":"Procedural learning deficits in specific language impairment (SLI): A meta-analysis of serial reaction time task performance","volume":"51","author":"Lum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s00337-020-00674-6","article-title":"Does sleep contribute to the consolidation of motor memory?: A literature review","volume":"59","author":"Maltry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Manuelle Medizin"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022021715082930800_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033812","article-title":"Incorporating rapid neocortical learning of new schema-consistent information into complementary learning systems theory","volume":"142","author":"McClelland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.102.3.419","article-title":"Why there are complementary learning systems in the hippocampus and neocortex: Insights from the successes and failures of connectionist models of learning and memory","volume":"102","author":"McClelland","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022021715082930800_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.06.003","article-title":"An opportunistic theory of cellular and systems consolidation","volume":"34","author":"Mednick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022021715082930800_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4494","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3127-12.2013","article-title":"The critical role of sleep spindles in hippocampal-dependent memory: A pharmacology study","volume":"33","author":"Mednick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.03.009","article-title":"Offline consolidation in implicit sequence learning","volume":"57","author":"Meier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022021715082930800_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article e0152489","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152489","article-title":"Does sleep improve your grammar? Preferential consolidation of arbitrary components of new linguistic knowledge","volume":"11","author":"Mirkovi\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022021715082930800_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.5665\/SLEEP.1290","article-title":"Fast and slow spindles during the sleep slow oscillation: Disparate coalescence and engagement in memory processing","volume":"34","author":"M\u00f6lle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib92","volume-title":"On the importance of single directions for generalization","author":"Morcos","year":"2018"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022021715082930800_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep\/31.8.1149","article-title":"Motor sequence learning increases sleep spindles and fast frequencies in post-training sleep","volume":"31","author":"Morin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00103-2","article-title":"A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of listening comprehension of languages in human at 3 tesla-comprehension level and activation of the language areas","volume":"263","author":"Nakai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022021715082930800_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12161","article-title":"Psychometric goodness of the Mini Sleep Questionnaire","volume":"68","author":"Natale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"issue":"273","key":"2022021715082930800_bib96","first-page":"5","article-title":"Motor sequence learning in dyslexia: Is consolidation the key?","volume":"63","author":"Needle","year":"2015","journal-title":"BPA - Applied Psychology Bulletin (Bollettino Di Psicologia Applicata)"},{"issue":"17","key":"2022021715082930800_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6696","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1236-14.2015","article-title":"The role of sleep in motor sequence consolidation: Stabilization rather than enhancement","volume":"35","author":"Nettersheim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.026","article-title":"The neural bases of the learning and generalization of morphological inflection","volume":"98","author":"Nevat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022021715082930800_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2018.1465187","article-title":"The role of distributional factors in learning and generalising affixal plural inflection: An artificial language study","volume":"33","author":"Nevat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Language, Cognition and Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022021715082930800_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article e65046","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065046","article-title":"Sleep promotes the extraction of grammatical rules","volume":"8","author":"Nieuwenhuis","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.08.055","article-title":"The multifaceted nature of the relationship between performance and brain activity in motor sequence learning","volume":"49","author":"Orban","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022021715082930800_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000009","article-title":"Sleep and motor learning: Is there room for consolidation?","volume":"141","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2009.03.004","article-title":"Inter-manual transfer and practice: Coding of simple motor sequences","volume":"131","author":"Panzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article e33079","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033079","article-title":"Memory for semantically related and unrelated declarative information: The benefit of sleep, the cost of wake","volume":"7","author":"Payne","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article 9979","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66880-3","article-title":"The power of children\u2019s sleep - Improved declarative memory consolidation in children compared with adults","volume":"10","author":"Peiffer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.09.044","article-title":"Parallel contributions of cerebellar, striatal and M1 mechanisms to motor sequence learning","volume":"226","author":"Penhune","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00634.x","article-title":"Changes in the density of stage 2 sleep spindles following motor learning in young and older adults","volume":"17","author":"Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022021715082930800_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1997.9.4.534","article-title":"Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on declarative and procedural memory","volume":"9","author":"Plihal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00032.2012","article-title":"About sleep\u2019s role in memory","volume":"93","author":"Rasch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"5817","key":"2022021715082930800_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138581","article-title":"Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation","volume":"315","author":"Rasch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib111","volume-title":"Verb-patterns acquisition in Hebrew from kindergarten age through adulthood","author":"Raz-Salzburg","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022021715082930800_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.34.4.834","article-title":"Sleep does not enhance motor sequence learning","volume":"34","author":"Rickard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.11.051","article-title":"New insights in human memory interference and consolidation","volume":"22","author":"Robertson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022021715082930800_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1426","article-title":"Current concepts in procedural consolidation","volume":"5","author":"Robertson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.01.027","article-title":"Awareness modifies the skill-learning benefits of sleep","volume":"14","author":"Robertson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.03.019","article-title":"The specificity of memory for a highly trained finger movement sequence: Change the ending, change all","volume":"1331","author":"Rozanov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0716-8","article-title":"The hippocampus is crucial for forming non-hippocampal long-term memory during sleep","volume":"564","author":"Sawangjit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022021715082930800_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.7.1479","article-title":"Sleep spindles and their significance for declarative memory consolidation","volume":"27","author":"Schabus","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00210.2011","article-title":"Probing for hemispheric specialization for motor skill learning: A transcranial direct current stimulation study","volume":"106","author":"Schambra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.07.028","article-title":"Sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation in healthy adults: A meta-analysis","volume":"118","author":"Schmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2017.10.009","article-title":"Modulating influences of memory strength and sensitivity of the retrieval test on the detectability of the sleep consolidation effect","volume":"145","author":"Schoch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.08.005","article-title":"Evidence for two distinct sleep-related long-term memory consolidation processes","volume":"63","author":"Sch\u00f6nauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2016.02.005","article-title":"The beneficial role of memory reactivation for language learning during sleep: A review","volume":"167","author":"Schreiner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain and Language"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.06.011","article-title":"To gain or not to gain \u2013 The complex role of sleep for memory: Comment on Dumay (2016)","volume":"101","author":"Schreiner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022021715082930800_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr249","article-title":"Shared syntax in language production and language comprehension\u2014An fMRI study","volume":"22","author":"Segaert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib126","volume-title":"One-minute test for words","author":"Shatil","year":"1995"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib127","volume-title":"One-minute test for pseudowords","author":"Shatil","year":"1997"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.09.034","article-title":"Consciousness and the consolidation of motor learning","volume":"196","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022021715082930800_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.03.010","article-title":"Sleep protects memories from interference in older adults","volume":"36","author":"Sonni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022021715082930800_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.569407","article-title":"Age-related decline of sleep-dependent consolidation","volume":"14","author":"Spencer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Learning and Memory"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04286","article-title":"Sleep-dependent memory consolidation","volume":"437","author":"Stickgold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022021715082930800_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.05.004","article-title":"How do I remember? Let me count the ways","volume":"13","author":"Stickgold","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.07.001","article-title":"The development of long-term lexical representations through Hebb repetition learning","volume":"67","author":"Szmalec","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article 107274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2020.107274","article-title":"Generalisation in language learning can withstand total sleep deprivation","volume":"173","author":"Tamminen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"issue":"43","key":"2022021715082930800_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14356","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3028-10.2010","article-title":"Sleep spindle activity is associated with the integration of new memories and existing knowledge","volume":"30","author":"Tamminen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.05.002","article-title":"Sleep function and synaptic homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Tononi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.12.025","article-title":"Sleep and the price of plasticity: From synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory consolidation and integration","volume":"81","author":"Tononi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2006.03.005","article-title":"A daytime nap containing solely non-REM sleep enhances declarative but not procedural memory","volume":"86","author":"Tucker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407794-2.00076-6","article-title":"The declarative\/procedural model: A neurobiological model of language learning, knowledge, and use","volume-title":"Neurobiology of Language","author":"Ullman","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022021715082930800_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70276-4","article-title":"Specific language impairment is not specific to language: The procedural deficit hypothesis","volume":"41","author":"Ullman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-020-01798-5","article-title":"The JASP guidelines for conducting and reporting a Bayesian analysis","volume":"28","author":"van Doorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin and Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-017-1323-7","article-title":"Bayesian inference for psychology. Part II: Example applications with JASP","volume":"25","author":"Wagenmakers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin and Review"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02223","article-title":"Sleep inspires insight","volume":"427","author":"Wagner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00746-8","article-title":"Practice with sleep makes perfect: Sleep-dependent motor skill learning","volume":"35","author":"Walker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022021715082930800_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.58503","article-title":"Sleep and the time course of motor skill learning","volume":"10","author":"Walker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Learning and Memory"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.08.031","article-title":"Sleep-dependent learning and memory consolidation","volume":"44","author":"Walker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib147","volume-title":"Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale","author":"Wechsler","year":"1955"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.07.029","article-title":"Many ways to read your vowels: Neural processing of diacritics and vowel letters in Hebrew","volume":"121","author":"Weiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022021715082930800_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article e12552","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12552","article-title":"The procedural learning deficit hypothesis of language learning disorders: We see some problems","volume":"21","author":"West","year":"2017","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"issue":"14","key":"2022021715082930800_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5054","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5363-13.2014","article-title":"Effector-independent motor sequence representations exist in extrinsic and intrinsic reference frames","volume":"34","author":"Wiestler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022021715082930800_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.803708","article-title":"Sleep in children improves memory performance on declarative but not procedural tasks","volume":"15","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Learning and Memory"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022021715082930800_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3575-10.2011","article-title":"Sleep selectively enhances memory expected to be of future relevance","volume":"31","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022021715082930800_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.03.002","article-title":"Sleep-dependent memory consolidation - What can be learnt from children?","volume":"36","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022021715082930800_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3343","article-title":"The sleeping child outplays the adult\u2019s capacity to convert implicit into explicit knowledge","volume":"16","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022021715082930800_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.06.029","article-title":"Sleep modulates word-pair learning but not motor sequence learning in healthy older adults","volume":"33","author":"Wilson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.07.062","article-title":"Sleep consolidates the effector-independent representation of a motor skill","volume":"171","author":"Witt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022021715082930800_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-012-3287-1","article-title":"Contributions from the left PMd and the SMA during sequence retrieval as determined by depth of training","volume":"224","author":"Wymbs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"2022021715082930800_bib158","first-page":"467","article-title":"Mini Sleep Questionnaire for screening large populations for EDS complaints","volume-title":"Sleep \u201984","author":"Zoomer","year":"1985"}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Language"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/nol\/article-pdf\/3\/2\/180\/1989326\/nol_a_00060.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/nol\/article-pdf\/3\/2\/180\/1989326\/nol_a_00060.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T15:10:57Z","timestamp":1645110657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/nol\/article\/3\/2\/180\/108041\/Effects-of-Sleep-on-Language-and-Motor"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":158,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/nol_a_00060","relation":{},"ISSN":["2641-4368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2641-4368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}}}