{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:23:22Z","timestamp":1790958202272,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"MIT Press","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We study a panel data model with heterogeneous effects, allowing slopes to vary across individuals and time. To reduce dimensionality, we assume these slopes follow a factor structure, so slope matrices can be estimated via low-rank regularized regression. We propose a multi-step estimation procedure incorporating sample splitting and partialing-out to enable valid inference after penalized estimation. We establish the asymptotic normality of the resulting estimator, facilitating inference for individualtime- specific effects and their cross-sectional averages. The method\u2019s performance is illustrated through simulations and an empirical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/rest.a.1735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T17:49:25Z","timestamp":1774374565000},"page":"1-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Inference for Heterogeneous Effects using Low-Rank Estimation of Factor Slopes"],"prefix":"10.1162","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Chernozhukov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139. vchern@mit.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637. Christian.Hansen@chicagobooth.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers University. New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. yuan.liao@rutgers.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinchu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453. yinchuzhu@brandeis.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"container-title":["Review of Economics and Statistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/rest\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/REST.a.1735\/2589330\/rest.a.1735.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/rest\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/REST.a.1735\/2589330\/rest.a.1735.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T17:49:25Z","timestamp":1774374565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/rest\/article\/doi\/10.1162\/REST.a.1735\/135951\/Inference-for-Heterogeneous-Effects-using-Low-Rank"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/rest.a.1735","relation":{},"ISSN":["0034-6535","1530-9142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-6535","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-9142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]}}}