{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:13:07Z","timestamp":1789463587491,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"MIT Press","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We provide evidence that an influx of technical human capital improves regional entrepreneurship, both by increasing firm entry and reducing entrepreneurial failure. The results also indicate negative externalities upon lowtech and competing industries: an influx of inventors in a county shifts the locus of venture capital investment away from low-tech startups to high-tech startups and moreover towards new ventures in the same sector as those inventors' skills. We strengthen causal inference with a shift-share instrument which combines the spatial distribution of surnames in the LM&amp;gt;= U.S. Census with thousands of surnamespecific shifts based on modern inventor mobility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/rest_a_01547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T22:28:33Z","timestamp":1738276113000},"page":"1-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Startups, Unicorns, and the Local Influx of Inventors"],"prefix":"10.1162","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Balsmeier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg benjamin.balsmeier@uni.lu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley, CA, USA lfleming@berkeley.edu"},{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, UC Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA mmarx@cornell.edu"},{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungryul Ryan","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea srshin@unist.ac.kr"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"container-title":["Review of Economics and Statistics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/rest\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/rest_a_01547\/2500071\/rest_a_01547.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/rest\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1162\/rest_a_01547\/2500071\/rest_a_01547.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T22:28:33Z","timestamp":1738276113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/rest\/article\/doi\/10.1162\/rest_a_01547\/127748\/Startups-Unicorns-and-the-Local-Influx-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/rest_a_01547","relation":{},"ISSN":["0034-6535","1530-9142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0034-6535","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-9142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]}}}