{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:05:34Z","timestamp":1770221134381,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artificial Life"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intention recognition is ubiquitous in most social interactions among humans and other primates. Despite this, the role of intention recognition in the emergence of cooperative actions remains elusive. Resorting to the tools of evolutionary game theory, herein we describe a computational model showing how intention recognition coevolves with cooperation in populations of self-regarding individuals. By equipping some individuals with the capacity of assessing the intentions of others in the course of a prototypical dilemma of cooperation\u2014the repeated prisoner's dilemma\u2014we show how intention recognition is favored by natural selection, opening a window of opportunity for cooperation to thrive. We introduce a new strategy (IR) that is able to assign an intention to the actions of opponents, on the basis of an acquired corpus consisting of possible plans achieving that intention, as well as to then make decisions on the basis of such recognized intentions. The success of IR is grounded on the free exploitation of unconditional cooperators while remaining robust against unconditional defectors. In addition, we show how intention recognizers do indeed prevail against the best-known successful strategies of iterated dilemmas of cooperation, even in the presence of errors and reduction of fitness associated with a small cognitive cost for performing intention recognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/artl_a_00072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T19:07:24Z","timestamp":1346526444000},"page":"365-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Corpus-Based Intention Recognition in Cooperation Dilemmas"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"The Anh","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Moniz","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa"}]},{"given":"Francisco C.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, TU Lisbon"}]}],"member":"281","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/139.2.1067","volume":"139","author":"Akashi H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"1635","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Armentano M. G.","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"R3","first-page":"406","volume":"84","author":"Arthur W. B.","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"R4","volume-title":"The evolution of cooperation.","author":"Axelrod R.","year":"1984"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7466396"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195178111.001.0001"},{"key":"R7","first-page":"1303","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI'03)","author":"Blaylock N.","year":"2003"},{"key":"R8","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS04)","author":"Blaylock N.","year":"2004"},{"key":"R9","volume-title":"Intention, plans, and practical reason.","author":"Bratman M. E.","year":"1987"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511625190"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705456104"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90060-O"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1102131108"},{"key":"R14","volume-title":"Science of love and betrayal.","author":"Dunbar R.","year":"2012"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605184103"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2007.06.001"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3095(93)90020-I"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jet.2005.04.006"},{"key":"R19","volume-title":"The theory of learning in games.","author":"Fudenberg D.","year":"1998"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2009.01.003"},{"key":"R21","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth UAI Bayesian Modeling Applications Workshop (UAI-AW 2011)","author":"Han T. A.","year":"2011"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24769-9_19"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.162.3859.1243"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1997.0073"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1141588"},{"key":"R26","unstructured":"Heinze, C. (2003). Modeling intention recognition for intelligent agent systems. Ph.D. thesis, The University of Melbourne, Australia."},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173179"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030079"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502589102"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2006.02.004"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012933107"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(95)92814-G"},{"key":"R33","volume-title":"A first course in stochastic processes.","author":"Karlin S.","year":"1975"},{"key":"R34","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference of the American Association of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-86)","author":"Kautz H.","year":"1986"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1570256.1570278"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(97)00025-8"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092080099"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.0206"},{"key":"R39","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Perspectives on imitation: From neuroscience to social science. Imitation, human development, and culture","author":"Meltzoff A. N.","year":"2005"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2006.09.005"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504902103"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112174"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133755"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02414"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/355250a0"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/364056a0"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04131"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0020178"},{"key":"R49","volume-title":"Probabilistic reasoning in intelligent systems: Networks of plausible inference.","author":"Pearl J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04686-5_12"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0093-2_1"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00076512"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031491"},{"key":"R54","volume-title":"Not by genes alone: How culture transforms human evolution.","author":"Richerson P. J.","year":"2006"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(05)80082-7"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-009-9553-5"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-2647(95)01551-5"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.95.098104"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015648108"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508201103"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2011.01.004"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06940"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cplx.20329"},{"key":"R65","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Bounded rationality: The adaptive toolbox","author":"Selten R.","year":"2001"},{"key":"R66","volume-title":"Genes, memes and human history: Darwinian archaeology and cultural evolution.","author":"Shennan S.","year":"2002"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400832255"},{"key":"R68","volume-title":"Models of man, social and rational: Mathematical essays on rational human behavior in a social setting","author":"Simon H. A.","year":"1957"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.41.020190.000245"},{"key":"R70","volume-title":"The stag hunt and the evolution of social structure.","author":"Skyrms B.","year":"2004"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199580828.001.0001"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2007.04.004"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.58.69"},{"key":"R74","first-page":"405","volume-title":"Proceedings of ALife X","author":"Takano M.","year":"2006"},{"key":"R75","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Bounded rationality: The adaptive toolbox","author":"Todd P. M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"R76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7551.001.0001"},{"key":"R77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602530103"},{"key":"R78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.74.011909"},{"key":"R79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.01.002"},{"key":"R80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912515107"},{"key":"R81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/406755"},{"key":"R82","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Reasons and intentions","author":"van Hees M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"R83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1059712310384282"},{"key":"R84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.158104"},{"key":"R85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.06.004"},{"key":"R86","volume-title":"Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development, and simulation of everyday mindreading.","author":"Whiten A.","year":"1991"},{"key":"R87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-7421(09)51006-7"},{"key":"R88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.82.046106"},{"key":"R89","unstructured":"Zanlungo, F. (2007). Microscopic dynamics of artificial life systems. PhD thesis, University of Bologna."}],"container-title":["Artificial Life"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1162\/ARTL_a_00072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T01:25:35Z","timestamp":1643333135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/artl\/article\/18\/4\/365-383\/2718"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1162\/ARTL_a_00072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/artl_a_00072","relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-5462","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-9185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}}}