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Clustering or community detection reveals densely coupled sets of regions constituting resting-state networks or functional systems. These systems manifest most clearly when FC is sampled over longer epochs but appear to fluctuate on shorter timescales. Here, we propose a new approach to reveal temporal fluctuations in neuronal time series. Unwrapping FC signal correlations yields pairwise co-fluctuation time series, one for each node pair or edge, and allows tracking of fine-scale dynamics across the network. Co-fluctuations partition the network, at each time step, into exactly two communities. Sampled over time, the overlay of these bipartitions, a binary decomposition of the original time series, very closely approximates functional connectivity. Bipartitions exhibit characteristic spatiotemporal patterns that are reproducible across participants and imaging runs, capture individual differences, and disclose fine-scale temporal expression of functional systems. Our findings document that functional systems appear transiently and intermittently, and that FC results from the overlay of many variable instances of system expression. Potential applications of this decomposition of functional connectivity into a set of binary patterns are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/netn_a_00182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T17:21:47Z","timestamp":1610126507000},"page":"405-433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Dynamic expression of brain functional systems disclosed by\n                    fine-scale analysis of edge time series"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7265-4036","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olaf","family":"Sporns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"},{"name":"Network Science Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"},{"name":"Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Faskowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"}]},{"given":"Andreia Sofia","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network Science Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"},{"name":"Center for Social and Biomedical Complexity, School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"},{"name":"INESC-ID, Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Cutts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA"}]},{"given":"Richard 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