{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:58:24Z","timestamp":1787169504903,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pheochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL) are rare endocrine tumours. The objective of this study was to describe our experience with these two entities in a Singapore population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified patients with positive histopathological confirmations of PCC and PGL who were treated at a tertiary Singapore hospital between January 2000 and December 2015. The results were analysed for clinical presentations, treatment and long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 27 cases (20 PCC, 7 PGL) were identified over a 15-year period. One case of PGL developed bilateral disease on follow-up. There were 17 male and 10 female patients with a median age of 57 (range 24\u201377) years. A positive family history was uncommon and present in only 3.7% of patients. Uniquely, the top three presenting symptoms were abdominal discomfort, palpitations and diaphoresis. Despite adequate preoperative preparation, intraoperative haemodynamic instability occurred in 70.4% and early postoperative hypotension occurred in 11.1% of patients. After surgery, hypertension was resolved in 41.2% (7\/17) and diabetes mellitus in 60% (3\/5). Disease recurrence was reported in 22.2% and distant metastases in 14.8%. At the end of the follow-up period (median 35 [range 3\u2013148] months), 70.4% were still alive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCC and PGL can present with a wide range of symptoms. Intraoperative haemodynamic instability was frequent despite good preoperative preparation. Disease recurrences and metastasis occurred in up to one-fifth of the patients. Genetic screening should be offered to patients with PCC and PGL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2021135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T05:36:05Z","timestamp":1633325765000},"page":"649-658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A 15-year pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma experience in a single centre: a Singapore perspective"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Yingshan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon Yuan Rui","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaikh Abdul 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