{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:56:26Z","timestamp":1787018186690,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Benef. Microbes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis has been increasingly associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). However, the association between\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the most common genetic risk factor for sporadic AD, and GM in AD remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the GM of participants from China and the USA, with and without\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes and with or without AD (67 AD cases, 67 control cases). Our results revealed that the GM alpha diversity was not different between groups (AD_\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Control_\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    , AD_non-\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and Control_non-\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) (419.031\u00a0\u00b1 143.631 vs 391.091\u00a0\u00b1 126.081, 351.086\u00a0\u00b1 169.174 and 386.089\u00a0\u00b1 177.200, respectively.\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ). Interestingly, individuals in the AD_\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    group had different bacterial compositions and bacterial biomarkers. The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test indicated that the abundances of many bacterial species in the AD_\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    patients differed from those in control individuals, including decreases in\n                    <jats:italic>unclassified_g__Escherichia-Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1.763\u00a0\u00b1 6.73, 4.429\u00a0\u00b1 11.13, 8.245\u00a0\u00b1 16.55, and 5.69\u00a0\u00b1 13.91 in four groups, respectively;\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ), and\n                    <jats:italic>unclassified_g_Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (0.1519\u00a0\u00b1 0.348, 2.502\u00a0\u00b1 5.913, 0.5146\u00a0\u00b1 0.9487, 1.063\u00a0\u00b1 3.428 in four groups, respectively;\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ), and increases in\n                    <jats:italic>gut_metagenome_g_Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2.885\u00a0\u00b1 4.47, 2.174\u00a0\u00b1 3.957, 0.5765\u00a0\u00b1 1.784, 1.582\u00a0\u00b1 2.92 in four groups, respectively.\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>unclassified_g_Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                    (3.875\u00a0\u00b1 3.738, 2.47\u00a0\u00b1 2.748, 2.046\u00a0\u00b1 3.674, 3.206\u00a0\u00b1 3.446 in four groups, respectively;\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ). In the KEGG pathway level 2 analysis, we identified three significant differences in relative abundances of predicted functions between AD_\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    and AD_non-\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    _carrier groups: neurodegenerative diseases (0.0007\u00a0\u00b1 0.0005 vs 0.0009\u00a0\u00b1 0.0004;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01), metabolism (0.0240\u00a0\u00b1 0.0003 vs 0.0250\u00a0\u00b1 0.0003;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites (0.0094\u00a0\u00b1 0.0002 vs 0.0090\u00a0\u00b1 0.0002;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves further demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 for the discrimination of AD_\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    _carrier and AD_non-\n                    <jats:italic>APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                    _carrier individuals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/18762891-20220116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T04:54:50Z","timestamp":1695185690000},"page":"349-360","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Correlation between APOE4 gene and gut microbiota in Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"X.-X.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China P.R."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.-X.","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China P.R."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Skills Training Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China P.R."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.-H.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China P.R."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.-J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China P.R."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5698-3945","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Z.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China P.R."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"R000001","series-title":"Genes","article-title":"The genetic variability of APOE in different human populations and its implications for longevity","volume":"10","author":"Abondio, P.","unstructured":"Abondio, P., Sazzini, M., Garagnani, P., Boattini, A., Monti, D., Franceschi, C., Luiselli, D. and Giuliani, C., 2019. 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Scientific Reports 6: 22770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep22770"},{"key":"R000034","series-title":"Scientific Reports","article-title":"Adaptive immunity against gut microbiota enhances apoE-mediated immune regulation and reduces atherosclerosis and western-diet-related inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Saita, D.","unstructured":"Saita, D., Ferrarese, R., Foglieni, C., Esposito, A., Canu, T., Perani, L., Ceresola, E.R., Visconti, L., Burioni, R., Clementi, M. and Canducci, F., 2016. Adaptive immunity against gut microbiota enhances apoE-mediated immune regulation and reduces atherosclerosis and western-diet-related inflammation. Scientific Reports 6: 29353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep29353"},{"key":"R000035","series-title":"Science","article-title":"ApoE isoform- and microbiota-dependent progression of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy","volume":"379","author":"Seo, D.O.","unstructured":"Seo, D.O., O\u2019Donnell, D., Jain, N., Ulrich, J.D., Herz, J., Li, Y., Lemieux, M., Cheng, J., Hu, H., Serrano, J.R., Bao, X., Franke, E., Karlsson, M., Meier, M., Deng, S., Desai, C., Dodiya, H., Lelwala-Guruge, J., Handley, S.A., Kipnis, J., Sisodia, S.S., Gordon, J.I. and Holtzman, D.M., 2023. ApoE isoform- and microbiota-dependent progression of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy. Science 379: eadd1236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.add1236"},{"key":"R000036","series-title":"Molecular Neurobiology","first-page":"1841","article-title":"The gut microbiome alterations and inflammation-driven pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease \u2013 a critical review","volume":"56","author":"Sochocka, M.","unstructured":"Sochocka, M., Donskow-\u0141ysoniewska, K., Diniz, B.S., Kurpas, D., Brzozowska, E. and Leszek, J., 2019. The gut microbiome alterations and inflammation-driven pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease \u2013 a critical review. 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