{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T23:04:32Z","timestamp":1768691072528,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Benef. Microbes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>The probiotic <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic> is a gut microbe with immunomodulatory effects, which has been widely used to prevent diarrhoea in pigs and birds. <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> is a common pathogen that causes inflammatory bowel disease in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> on enteritis in goats. Forty goats were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: control, <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\u00a0+ <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. The changes of physiological indicators and diarrhoea scoring were evaluated on days \u22124, \u22122, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. The pathological examination, inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression and bacterial counts in jejunum and caecum were detected on day 4 and 8. The results showed that body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and leukocyte counts all increased from the 2nd to the 6th day after feeding with <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, and the diarrhoea score was significantly increased. However, <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic>-pretreated goats had lower body temperatures and fewer leukocytes than <jats:italic>E. coli-<\/jats:italic>treated goats on day 2, as well as decreased diarrhoea scores. <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> treatment caused histopathological damage and morphological changes in the jejunum and caecum, while pretreatment with <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> significantly alleviated these injuries. <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> pretreatment can reduce the load of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and increase the prevalence of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, thereby balancing the microbiota in the intestine. Furthermore, <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>-infected goats pretreated with <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> showed obvious inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 mRNA expression in the jejunum and caecum compared to that in the <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> treatment group. In conclusion, the addition of <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> to goat feed is beneficial for improving clinical symptoms, maintaining intestinal mucosa integrity, balancing the microbiota and decreasing inflammatory responses in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>-induced intestinal injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/18762891-20220133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T03:00:57Z","timestamp":1698375657000},"page":"477-491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Enterococcus faecium supplementation prevents enteritis caused by Escherichia coli in goats"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangling College of Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Medical College of Yangzhou University, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, 225009 Yangzhou, China P.R."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"R000001","series-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","first-page":"91","article-title":"Finding alternatives to antibiotics","volume":"1323","author":"Allen, H.K.","unstructured":"Allen, H.K., Trachsel, J., Looft, T. and Casey, T.A., 2014. 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Study of polymorphisms in tir, eae and tccP2 genes in enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of serogroup O26. BMC Microbiology11: 124."},{"key":"R000005","series-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","first-page":"7896","article-title":"Feeding the probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain NCIMB 10415 to piglets specifically reduces the number of Escherichia coli pathotypes that adhere to the gut mucosa","volume":"79","author":"Bednorz, C.","unstructured":"Bednorz, C., Guenther, S., Oelgeschl\u00e4ger, K., Kinnemann, B., Pieper, R., Hartmann, S., Tedin, K., Semmler, T., Neumann, K., Schierack, P., Bethe, A. and Wieler, L.H., 2013. Feeding the probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain NCIMB 10415 to piglets specifically reduces the number of Escherichia coli pathotypes that adhere to the gut mucosa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology79: 7896-7904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.03138-13"},{"key":"R000006","series-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology","article-title":"Alternatives to antibiotics to prevent necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: a microbiologist\u2019s perspective","volume":"6","author":"Caly, D.L.","unstructured":"Caly, D.L., D\u2019Inca, R., Auclair, E. and Drider, D., 2015. Alternatives to antibiotics to prevent necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: a microbiologist\u2019s perspective. Frontiers in Microbiology6: 1336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01336"},{"key":"R000007","series-title":"Research in Microbiology","first-page":"594","article-title":"Current perspectives on the dynamics of antibiotic resistance in different reservoirs","volume":"166","author":"Canic\u0327a, M.","unstructured":"Canic\u0327a, M., Manageiro, V., Jones-Dias, D., Clemente, L., Gomes-Neves, E., Poeta, P., Dias, E. and Ferreira, E., 2015. 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Animal Reproduction Science215: 106333."},{"key":"R000014","series-title":"Reproduction Nutrition Development","first-page":"397","article-title":"Preliminary assays for the development of a probiotic for goats","volume":"44","author":"Draksler, D.","unstructured":"Draksler, D., Gonza\u0301les, S. and Oliver, G., 2004. Preliminary assays for the development of a probiotic for goats. Reproduction Nutrition Development44: 397-405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/rnd:2004046"},{"key":"R000015","series-title":"EcoSal Plus","article-title":"Animal enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"7","author":"Dubreuil, J.D.","unstructured":"Dubreuil, J.D., Isaacson, R.E. and Schifferli, D.M., 2016. Animal enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. EcoSal Plus7."},{"key":"R000016","series-title":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology","article-title":"Cortisol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in bovine endometrial stromal cells via NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways","volume":"133","author":"Fang, L.","unstructured":"Fang, L., Cui, L., Liu, K., Shao, X., Sun, W., Li, J., Wang, H., Qian, C., Li, J. and Dong, J., 2022. Cortisol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in bovine endometrial stromal cells via NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways. Developmental and Comparative Immunology133: 104426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2022.104426"},{"key":"R000017","series-title":"International Journal of Food Microbiology","first-page":"125","article-title":"Enterococci as probiotics and their implications in food safety","volume":"151","author":"Franz, C.M.","unstructured":"Franz, C.M., Huch, M., Abriouel, H., Holzapfel, W. and Ga\u0301lvez, A., 2011. 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Enteritidis","volume":"100","author":"Karaffova\u0301, V.","unstructured":"Karaffova\u0301, V., Bob\u0131\u0301kova\u0301, K., Husa\u0301kova\u0301, E., Levkut, M., Herich, R., Revajova\u0301, V., Levkutova\u0301, M. and Levkut, M., 2015. Interaction of TGF-\u03b24 and IL-17 with IgA secretion in the intestine of chickens fed with E. faecium AL41 and challenged with S. Enteritidis. Research in Veterinary Science100: 75-79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2015.04.005"},{"key":"R000021","series-title":"Folia Microbiologica","first-page":"89","article-title":"TLR4 and TLR21 expression, MIF, IFN-\u03b2, MD-2, CD14 activation, and sIgA production in chickens administered with EFAL41 strain challenged with Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"62","author":"Karaffova\u0301, V.","unstructured":"Karaffova\u0301, V., Marcinkova\u0301, E., Bob\u0131\u0301kova\u0301, K., Herich, R., Revajova\u0301, V., Stas\u030cova\u0301, D., KavuI\u030cova\u0301, A., Levkutova\u0301, M., LevkutJr., M., S\u030cevc\u030c\u0131\u0301kova\u0301, Z. and LevkutSr., M., 2017. TLR4 and TLR21 expression, MIF, IFN-\u03b2, MD-2, CD14 activation, and sIgA production in chickens administered with EFAL41 strain challenged with Campylobacter jejuni. Folia Microbiologica62: 89-97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12223-016-0475-6"},{"key":"R000022","series-title":"Microbial Pathogenesis","first-page":"67","article-title":"Antibacterial potential and genetic profile of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human normal flora","volume":"96","author":"Karimaei, S.","unstructured":"Karimaei, S., Sadeghi, J., Asadian, M., Esghaei, M., Pourshafie, M.R. and Talebi, M., 2016. Antibacterial potential and genetic profile of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human normal flora. Microbial Pathogenesis96: 67-71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2016.05.004"},{"key":"R000023","series-title":"Veterinary Microbiology","first-page":"515","article-title":"In vitro antagonistic activities of animal intestinal strains against swine-associated pathogens","volume":"144","author":"Klose, V.","unstructured":"Klose, V., Bayer, K., Bruckbeck, R., Schatzmayr, G. and Loibner, A.P., 2010. 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Enterococcus faecium supplementation in sows during gestation and lactation improves the performance of sucking piglets. Veterinary Medicine and Science6: 92-99. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.215"},{"key":"R000026","series-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology","first-page":"920","article-title":"Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time","volume":"32","author":"Lewis, S.J.","unstructured":"Lewis, S.J. and Heaton, K.W., 1997. Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology32: 920-924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00365529709011203"},{"key":"R000027","series-title":"Environmental Pollution","article-title":"Glyphosate-induced lipid metabolism disorder contributes to hepatotoxicity in juvenile common carp","volume":"269","author":"Liu, J.","unstructured":"Liu, J., Dong, C., Zhai, Z., Tang, L. and Wang, L., 2021. Glyphosate-induced lipid metabolism disorder contributes to hepatotoxicity in juvenile common carp. Environmental Pollution269: 116186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116186"},{"key":"R000028","series-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences","first-page":"922","article-title":"Effects of ex vivo infection with ETEC on jejunal barrier properties and cytokine expression in probiotic-supplemented pigs","volume":"62","author":"Lodemann, U.","unstructured":"Lodemann, U., Amasheh, S., Radloff, J., Kern, M., Bethe, A., Wieler, L.H., Pieper, R., Zentek, J. and Aschenbach, J.R., 2017. Effects of ex vivo infection with ETEC on jejunal barrier properties and cytokine expression in probiotic-supplemented pigs. Digestive Diseases and Sciences62: 922-933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-016-4413-x"},{"key":"R000029","series-title":"Journal of Dairy Science","first-page":"4290","article-title":"Effects of mannan-oligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis supplementation to preweaning Holstein dairy heifers on body weight gain, diarrhea, and shedding of fecal pathogens","volume":"104","author":"Lucey, P.M.","unstructured":"Lucey, P.M., Lean, I.J., Aly, S.S., Golder, H.M., Block, E., Thompson, J.S. and Rossow, H.A., 2021. Effects of mannan-oligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis supplementation to preweaning Holstein dairy heifers on body weight gain, diarrhea, and shedding of fecal pathogens. Journal of Dairy Science104: 4290-4302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2020-19425"},{"key":"R000030","series-title":"Journal of Proteomics","first-page":"226","article-title":"Proteome changes in the intestinal mucosa of broiler (Gallus gallus) activated by probiotic Enterococcus faecium","volume":"91","author":"Luo, J.","unstructured":"Luo, J., Zheng, A., Meng, K., Chang, W., Bai, Y., Li, K., Cai, H., Liu, G. and Yao, B., 2013. Proteome changes in the intestinal mucosa of broiler (Gallus gallus) activated by probiotic Enterococcus faecium. Journal of Proteomics91: 226-241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jprot.2013.07.017"},{"key":"R000031","series-title":"Livestock Science","first-page":"176","article-title":"The addition of Enterococcus faecium to diet improves piglet\u2019s intestinal microbiota and performance","volume":"133","author":"Mallo, J.J.","unstructured":"Mallo, J.J., Rioperez, J. and Honrubia, P.J.L.S., 2010. The addition of Enterococcus faecium to diet improves piglet\u2019s intestinal microbiota and performance. Livestock Science133: 176-178."},{"key":"R000032","series-title":"AMB Express","article-title":"Rumen fermentation and microbial community composition influenced by live Enterococcus faecium supplementation","volume":"9","author":"Mamuad, L.L.","unstructured":"Mamuad, L.L., Kim, S.H., Biswas, A.A., Yu, Z., Cho, K.K., Kim, S.B., Lee, K. and Lee, S.S., 2019. Rumen fermentation and microbial community composition influenced by live Enterococcus faecium supplementation. AMB Express9: 123."},{"key":"R000033","series-title":"Journal of Surgical Research","first-page":"71","article-title":"Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-12 in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"92","author":"Nadler, E.P.","unstructured":"Nadler, E.P., Dickinson, E., Knisely, A., Zhang, X.R., Boyle, P., Beer-Stolz, D., Watkins, S.C. and Ford, H.R., 2000. 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