{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:26:50Z","timestamp":1788344810169,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"Vice-Chancellor's Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of Pretoria, South Africa"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Benef. Microbes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We hypothesised and investigated whether commensal probiotic bacteria from bovine organs are capable of synthesising\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -carotene and retinol. A total of 111 potentially probiotic bacteria were isolated from the liver (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -carotene storage site), intestine (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -carotene bioconversion site) and rumen (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -carotene absorption site) tissues. Among these strains, 33 were screened based on vitamin A biosynthesis capability using UV spectroscopy and identified through matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionisation coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. Four\n                    <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (22.82\u00a0\u00b1 1.85 to 111.95\u00a0\u00b1 3.10\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -carotene g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    dry cell weight) and one\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (44.77\u00a0\u00b1 2.08\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -carotene g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    dry cell weight) strains with higher\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -carotene and or retinol production capacity were further quantified through ultra (high) performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer.\n                    <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (VLL1) of liver origin showed good viability in gastric acid (pH 2.0) and bile salts (0.3%) and better tolerance in other probiotic properties. Hence, this study shows the\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -carotene producing\n                    <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains from the bovine origin as a potential source of vitamin A biofortification. Perhaps this study also establishes that the gut-friendly property of these probiotic strains with metabolic machinery for bioconversion of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -carotene to retinoids will be useful in eradicating vitamin A deficiency through probiotic therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/18762891-bja00098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T06:14:54Z","timestamp":1759817694000},"page":"383-394","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Identification and characterisation of \u03b2-carotene and retinol-producing commensal probiotic bacteria from liver, intestine and rumen tissues of grass-fed cattle"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1981-0022","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.","family":"Krishnamoorthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/56410University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7836-9295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E.M.","family":"Buys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/56410University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"R000001","series-title":"British Journal of Nutrition","first-page":"103","article-title":"Effects of some poorly digestible carbohydrates on bile acid bacterial transformations in the rat","volume":"62","author":"Andrieux, C.","unstructured":"Andrieux, C., Gadelle, D., Leprince, C. and Sacquet, E., 1989. 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