{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:03:35Z","timestamp":1784174615785,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Benef. Microbes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We investigated the therapeutic potential of\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus salivarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    in colitis mice, and the mice were randomly allocated into three groups with each consisting of 10 mice (n\u00a0= 10): a control group (CSG), a DSS-induced colitis model group (DSG), and a\n                    <jats:italic>L. salivarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    intervention group (LSG). The intervention group received daily oral administration of\n                    <jats:italic>L. salivarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    for seven consecutive days. Compared to the DSS model group, mice receiving\n                    <jats:italic>L. salivarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited significantly reduced weight loss, lower DAI scores, lessened colon shortening, and improved histopathological profiles, indicating a substantial reduction in inflammatory damage. Additionally, ITS sequencing revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>L. salivarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly influenced the composition of the intestinal fungal community, decreasing the abundance of pathogenic fungi, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, by approximately 40%, and restoring fungal homeostasis by reducing the Basidiomycota\/Ascomycota ratio. Moreover,\n                    <jats:italic>L. salivarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    effectively alleviated DSS-induced oxidative stress by lowering serum MDA levels while enhancing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px. Furthermore, the probiotic intervention resulted in 30-40% reduction in pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , IL-6, and IL-1\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and an increase in the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 levels, suggesting a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion,\n                    <jats:italic>L. salivarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    exerts significant protective effects against DSS-induced colitis by modulating the gut fungal community, mitigating oxidative stress, and suppressing inflammatory responses. This study is novel in that few probiotic studies have investigated the impact of\n                    <jats:italic>L. salivarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    on gut fungi in DSS-induced colitis. These findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic candidate for managing inflammatory bowel disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/18762891-bja00108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T11:28:35Z","timestamp":1772105315000},"page":"369-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigating therapeutic efficacy of Lactobacillus salivarius GZLC1 on colitis by examining its effects on intestinal fungi, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory response in mice"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bijie Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bijie 551799, China P.R"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bijie Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bijie 551799, China P.R"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China P.R"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China P.R"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China P.R"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bijie Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bijie 551799, China P.R"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.A.","family":"Kiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/66927Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.S.","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China P.R"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/108784King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.S.","family":"Ataya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/108784King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China P.R"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R000001","series-title":"Nature Communications","first-page":"10291","article-title":"Multi-biome analysis identifies distinct gut microbial signatures and their crosstalk in ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Akiyama, S.","unstructured":"Akiyama, S., Nishijima, S., Kojima, Y., Kimura, M., Ohsugi, M., Ueki, K., Mizokami, M., Hattori, M., Tsuchiya, K., Uemura, N., Kawai, T., Bork, P. and Nagata, N., 2024. Multi-biome analysis identifies distinct gut microbial signatures and their crosstalk in ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease. Nature Communications 15(1): 10291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-54797-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"R000002","series-title":"Infection","first-page":"685","article-title":"Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax and skin necrosis caused by IRIS to an Aspergillus flavus infection in a young patient with metamizole associated agranulocytosis","volume":"52","author":"Banz, M.","unstructured":"Banz, M., Stallmach, A., Ga\u00dfler, N., Schulze, P.C., Fritzenwanger, M., Cornely, O., Kurzai, O. and Pletz, M.W., 2024. Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumothorax and skin necrosis caused by IRIS to an Aspergillus flavus infection in a young patient with metamizole associated agranulocytosis. Infection 52(2): 685-690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02149-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"R000003","series-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","first-page":"437","article-title":"Rattan pepper polysaccharide regulates DSS-induced intestinal inflammation and depressive behavior through microbiota-gut-brain axis","volume":"72","author":"Chang, L.","unstructured":"Chang, L., Wang, C., Peng, J., Song, Y., Zhang, W., Chen, Y., Peng, Q., Li, X., Liu, X. and Lan, Y., 2024. Rattan pepper polysaccharide regulates DSS-induced intestinal inflammation and depressive behavior through microbiota-gut-brain axis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 72(1): 437-448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c08462"},{"issue":"33","key":"R000004","series-title":"Advanced Science","article-title":"Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles-coated palladium nanoformulations modulate inflammatory and immune homeostasis for targeting therapy of ulcerative colitis","volume":"10","author":"Cheng, J.","unstructured":"Cheng, J., Zhang, Y., Ma, L., Du, W., Zhang, Q., Gao, R., Zhao, X., Chen, Y., Jiang, L., Li, X., Li, B. and Zhou, Y., 2023. Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles-coated palladium nanoformulations modulate inflammatory and immune homeostasis for targeting therapy of ulcerative colitis. Advanced Science 10(33): e2304002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202304002"},{"issue":"1","key":"R000005","series-title":"Pathology\u00a0\u2013 Research and Practice","first-page":"151","article-title":"Overexpression of microRNA-495 improves the intestinal mucosal barrier function by targeting STAT3 via inhibition of the JAK\/STAT3 signaling pathway in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis","volume":"214","author":"Chu, X.-Q.","unstructured":"Chu, X.-Q., Wang, J., Chen, G.-X., Zhang, G.-Q., Zhang, D.-Y. and Cai, Y.-Y., 2018. Overexpression of microRNA-495 improves the intestinal mucosal barrier function by targeting STAT3 via inhibition of the JAK\/STAT3 signaling pathway in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. 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How do intestinal probiotics restore the intestinal barrier? Frontiers in Microbiology 13: 929346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.929346"},{"issue":"10","key":"R000008","series-title":"Cellular and Molecular Immunology","first-page":"1156","article-title":"A metabolite from commensal Candida albicans enhances the bactericidal activity of macrophages and protects against sepsis","volume":"20","author":"Gu, P.","unstructured":"Gu, P., Liu, R., Yang, Q., Xie, L., Wei, R., Li, J., Mei, F., Chen, T., Zeng, Z., He, Y., Zhou, H., Peng, H., Nandakumar, K.S., Chu, H., Jiang, Y., Gong, W., Chen, Y., Schnabl, B. and Chen, P., 2023. A metabolite from commensal Candida albicans enhances the bactericidal activity of macrophages and protects against sepsis. Cellular and Molecular Immunology 20(10): 1156-1170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-023-01070-5"},{"key":"R000009","series-title":"Redox Biology","article-title":"Mo(3)Se(4) nanoparticle with ROS scavenging and multi-enzyme activity for the treatment of DSS-induced colitis in mice","volume":"56","author":"Guo, H.","unstructured":"Guo, H., Guo, H., Xie, Y., Chen, Y., Lu, C., Yang, Z., Zhu, Y., Ouyang, Y., Zhang, Y. and Wang, X., 2022. Mo(3)Se(4) nanoparticle with ROS scavenging and multi-enzyme activity for the treatment of DSS-induced colitis in mice. Redox Biology 56: 102441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102441"},{"issue":"9","key":"R000010","series-title":"Cell Host Microbe","first-page":"1502","article-title":"Engineered probiotic ameliorates ulcerative colitis by restoring gut microbiota and redox homeostasis","volume":"32","author":"Guo, P.","unstructured":"Guo, P., Wang, W., Xiang, Q., Pan, C., Qiu, Y., Li, T., Wang, D., Ouyang, J., Jia, R., Shi, M., Wang, Y., Li, J., Zou, J., Zhong, Y., Zhao, J., Zheng, D., Cui, Y., Ma, G. and Wei, W., 2024. Engineered probiotic ameliorates ulcerative colitis by restoring gut microbiota and redox homeostasis. Cell Host Microbe 32(9): 1502-1518.e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2024.07.028"},{"issue":"3","key":"R000011","series-title":"Journal of Digestive Diseases","first-page":"147","article-title":"Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Guo, X.Y.","unstructured":"Guo, X.Y., Liu, X.J. and Hao, J.Y., 2020. Gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis: insights on pathogenesis and treatment. Journal of Digestive Diseases 21(3): 147-159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1751-2980.12849"},{"issue":"8","key":"R000012","series-title":"Expert Review of Gastroenterology and Hepatology","first-page":"753","article-title":"Prioritization in inflammatory bowel disease therapy","volume":"17","author":"Herrlinger, K.R.","unstructured":"Herrlinger, K.R. and Stange, E.F., 2023. Prioritization in inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Expert Review of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 17(8): 753-767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17474124.2023.2240699"},{"issue":"10","key":"R000013","series-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","first-page":"1613","article-title":"Alterations in the fungal microbiome in ulcerative colitis","volume":"29","author":"Hsia, K.","unstructured":"Hsia, K., Zhao, N., Chung, M., Algarrahi, K., Montaser Kouhsari, L., Fu, M., Chen, H., Singh, S., Michaud, D.S. and Jangi, S., 2023. 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Cell Host Microbe 31(11): 1930-1943.e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2023.10.005"},{"issue":"4","key":"R000015","series-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology","first-page":"821","article-title":"Dynamics of the gut mycobiome in patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"22","author":"Jangi, S.","unstructured":"Jangi, S., Hsia, K., Zhao, N., Kumamoto, C.A., Friedman, S., Singh, S. and Michaud, D.S., 2024. Dynamics of the gut mycobiome in patients with ulcerative colitis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 22(4): 821-830.e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.09.023"},{"issue":"12","key":"R000016","series-title":"Cells","first-page":"1905","article-title":"Regulation of the intestinal extra-adrenal steroidogenic pathway component LRH-1 by glucocorticoids in ulcerative colitis","volume":"11","author":"Landskron, G.","unstructured":"Landskron, G., Dubois-Camacho, K., Orellana-Serradell, O., De\u00a0la Fuente, M., Parada-Venegas, D., Bitra\u0301n, M., Diaz-Jimenez, D., Tang, S., Cidlowski, J.A., Li, X., Molina, H., Gonzalez, C.M., Simian, D., Lubascher, J., Pola, V., Montecino, M., Blokzijl, T., Faber, K.N., Gonza\u0301lez, M.-J., Quera, R. and Hermoso, M.A., 2022. Regulation of the intestinal extra-adrenal steroidogenic pathway component LRH-1 by glucocorticoids in ulcerative colitis. Cells 11(12): 1905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11121905"},{"key":"R000017","series-title":"The Lancet","first-page":"571","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"402","author":"Le Berre, C.","unstructured":"Le Berre, C., Honap, S. and Peyrin-Biroulet, L., 2023. Ulcerative colitis. The Lancet 402: 571-584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00966-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"R000018","series-title":"Gut Liver","first-page":"232","article-title":"Comparison of long-term outcomes of infliximab versus adalimumab treatment in biologic-na\u00efve patients with ulcerative colitis","volume":"15","author":"Lee, Y.I.","unstructured":"Lee, Y.I., Park, Y., Park, S.J., Kim, T.I., Kim, W.H. and Cheon, J.H., 2021. Comparison of long-term outcomes of infliximab versus adalimumab treatment in biologic-na\u00efve patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut Liver 15(2): 232-242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5009\/gnl19433"},{"issue":"1","key":"R000019","series-title":"Cell Death Discovery","first-page":"361","article-title":"The role of Lactobacillus in inflammatory bowel disease: from actualities to prospects","volume":"9","author":"Li, C.","unstructured":"Li, C., Peng, K., Xiao, S., Long, Y. and Yu, Q., 2023. The role of Lactobacillus in inflammatory bowel disease: from actualities to prospects. Cell Death Discovery 9(1): 361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-023-01666-w"},{"key":"R000020","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"672","article-title":"Immune regulation by fungal strain diversity in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"603","author":"Li, X.V.","unstructured":"Li, X.V., Leonardi, I., Putzel, G.G., Semon, A., Fiers, W.D., Kusakabe, T., Lin, W.-Y., Gao, I.H., Doron, I., Gutierrez-Guerrero, A., DeCelie, M.B., Carriche, G.M., Mesko, M., Yang, C., Naglik, J.R., Hube, B., Scherl, E.J. and Iliev, I.D., 2022. Immune regulation by fungal strain diversity in inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 603: 672-678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04502-w"},{"issue":"6","key":"R000021","series-title":"Acta Pharmacologica Sinica","first-page":"1495","article-title":"Baicalein ameliorates ulcerative colitis by improving intestinal epithelial barrier via AhR\/IL-22 pathway in ILC3s","volume":"43","author":"Li, Y.-Y.","unstructured":"Li, Y.-Y., Wang, X.-J., Su, Y.-L., Wang, Q., Huang, S.-W., Pan, Z.-F., Chen, Y.-P., Liang, J.-J., Zhang, M.-L., Xie, X.-Q., Wu, Z.-Y., Chen, J.-Y., Zhou, L. and Luo, X., 2022. Baicalein ameliorates ulcerative colitis by improving intestinal epithelial barrier via AhR\/IL-22 pathway in ILC3s. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 43(6): 1495-1507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-021-00781-7"},{"issue":"9","key":"R000022","series-title":"Food and Function","first-page":"5768","article-title":"The dietary freeze-dried fruit powder of Actinidia arguta ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting the activation of MAPKs","volume":"10","author":"Lian, L.","unstructured":"Lian, L., Zhang, S., Yu, Z., Ge, H., Qi, S., Zhang, X., Long, L., Xiong, X., Chu, D., Ma, X., Li, X. and Gao, H., 2019. The dietary freeze-dried fruit powder of Actinidia arguta ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting the activation of MAPKs. Food and Function 10(9): 5768-5778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c9fo00664h"},{"issue":"3","key":"R000023","series-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","first-page":"647","article-title":"Protective effect of lentinan against LPS-induced injury in mice via influencing antioxidant enzyme activity, inflammatory pathways and gut microbiota","volume":"44","author":"Meng, A.","unstructured":"Meng, A., Zhang, X., Pubu, P., Ali, M., Wang, J., Xu, C., Almutairi, M.H. and Li, K., 2024. Protective effect of lentinan against LPS-induced injury in mice via influencing antioxidant enzyme activity, inflammatory pathways and gut microbiota. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 44(3): 647-656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29261\/pakvetj\/2024.225"},{"issue":"5","key":"R000024","series-title":"Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry","first-page":"297","article-title":"Antioxidants as novel therapy in a murine model of colitis","volume":"16","author":"Oz, H.S.","unstructured":"Oz, H.S., Chen, T.S., McClain, C.J. and de Villiers, W.J.S., 2005. Antioxidants as novel therapy in a murine model of colitis. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 16(5): 297-304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2004.09.007"},{"issue":"2","key":"R000025","series-title":"Pakistan Veterinary Journal","first-page":"517","article-title":"Fucoidan alleviates intestine damage in mice induced by LPS via regulation of microbiota","volume":"44","author":"Peng, S.","unstructured":"Peng, S., Xu, C., He, Q., Xu, J., Kiani, F.A., Choudhary, O.P., Idrees, A., Mares, M.M., Wu, Y. and Li, K., 2024. Fucoidan alleviates intestine damage in mice induced by LPS via regulation of microbiota. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 44(2): 517-525. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.29261\/pakvetj\/2024.190"},{"issue":"26","key":"R000026","series-title":"Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition","first-page":"8194","article-title":"Functional and health-promoting properties of probiotics\u2019 exopolysaccharides; isolation, characterization and applications in the food industry","volume":"63","author":"Pourjafar, H.","unstructured":"Pourjafar, H., Ansari, F., Sadeghi, A., Samakkhah, S.A. and Jafari, S.M., 2023. Functional and health-promoting properties of probiotics\u2019 exopolysaccharides; isolation, characterization and applications in the food industry. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 63(26): 8194-8225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2022.2047883"},{"issue":"9","key":"R000027","series-title":"Nature Biotechnology","first-page":"1384","article-title":"Spatial metatranscriptomics resolves host-bacteria-fungi interactomes","volume":"42","author":"Saarenp\u00e4\u00e4, S.","unstructured":"Saarenp\u00e4\u00e4, S., Shalev, O., Ashkenazy, H., Carlos, V., Lundberg, D.S., Weigel, D. and Giacomello, S., 2024. Spatial metatranscriptomics resolves host-bacteria-fungi interactomes. Nature Biotechnology 42(9): 1384-1393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-023-01979-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"R000028","series-title":"Clinical Medicine","first-page":"135","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis: an update","volume":"21","author":"Segal, J.P.","unstructured":"Segal, J.P., LeBlanc, J.-F. and Hart, A.L., 2021. Ulcerative colitis: an update. 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Chitosan ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice by enhancing intestinal barrier function and improving microflora. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(22): 5751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20225751"},{"issue":"1","key":"R000033","series-title":"Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology","first-page":"2023232","article-title":"Fermented Spirulina platensis alleviated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating gut microbiota and MyD88\/TLR4 signaling pathway","volume":"2024","author":"Wang, N.","unstructured":"Wang, N., Xiang, Y., Ma, Y., Zhang, P., Zhou, X., Zhu, H., Zhang, Z., Li, Z., Xiao, X., He, M., Mehmood, M.A. and Zhu, H., 2024. Fermented Spirulina platensis alleviated DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating gut microbiota and MyD88\/TLR4 signaling pathway. 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