{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:47:07Z","timestamp":1792799227147,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Benef. Microbes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oxidative stress is a significant contributor to neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS), marked by an imbalance in reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defences. Probiotics may modulate oxidative stress and improve antioxidant levels. This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics supplementation on serum oxidative stress markers and endogenous antioxidants in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Ninety RRMS patients with expanded disability status scale [EDSS]\u00a0&lt; 4 were randomised into two groups: a probiotics group (Lactocare\u00ae) and a placebo group, and received the interventions twice daily for four months. Serum levels of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA]), endogenous antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase [GPx] activity, superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase activity [CAT], glutathione [GSH]), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured at baseline and post-treatment. Fifty-five patients, including 26 patients in the probiotic group and 29 patients in the placebo group, completed the study. Both groups showed significant within-group improvements in GPx activity, SOD, and GSH levels, as well as reductions in MDA levels (\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ); however, no significant between-group differences were found for any markers (\n                    <jats:inline-formula\/>\n                    ). TAC and CAT levels remained unchanged in both groups. Findings of this study did not support the evidence for antioxidant effects of probiotics supplementation in RRMS patients, and its effects on oxidative stress markers in RRMS patients are found to be comparable to placebo.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20220713055465N2, registration date: 2023.5.9<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/18762891-bja00115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T03:08:02Z","timestamp":1775704082000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effects of probiotics supplementation on serum markers of oxidative stress in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8952-6764","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"N.","family":"Mohy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Imam Reza General Hospital, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2325-5631","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.","family":"Sanaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0641-4178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.","family":"Rahnemayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Imam Reza General Hospital, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0099-6728","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7613-3913","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Talebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Imam Reza General Hospital, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9723-0109","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.","family":"Naseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Center: A Joanna Briggs Institute Center of Excellence, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/48432Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran"},{"name":"Tabriz USERN Office, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"R000001","series-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity","first-page":"1973834","article-title":"New insights into the role of oxidative stress mechanisms in the pathophysiology and treatment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"2016","author":"Adamczyk, B.","unstructured":"Adamczyk, B. and Adamczyk-Sowa, M., 2016. New insights into the role of oxidative stress mechanisms in the pathophysiology and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016: 1973834."},{"key":"R000002","series-title":"Complementary Therapies in Medicine","article-title":"The effects of probiotic supplementation on mental health, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"49","author":"Amirani, E.","unstructured":"Amirani, E., Milajerdi, A., Mirzaei, H., Jamilian, H., Mansournia, M.A., Hallajzadeh, J. and Ghaderi, A., 2020. The effects of probiotic supplementation on mental health, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 49: 102361."},{"key":"R000003","series-title":"Scientific Reports","first-page":"18577","article-title":"The effect of probiotic supplementation on the clinical and para-clinical findings of multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Asghari, K.M.","unstructured":"Asghari, K.M., Dolatkhah, N., Ayromlou, H., Mirnasiri, F., Dadfar, T. and Hashemian, M., 2023. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the clinical and para-clinical findings of multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Scientific Reports 13: 18577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41598-023-46047-6"},{"key":"R000004","series-title":"Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology","first-page":"34","article-title":"Immunosuppressive effects of two probiotics, Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 13434 and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15312, on CD4+ T cells of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"22","author":"Chakamian, K.","unstructured":"Chakamian, K., Robat-Jazi, B., Moghadasi, A.N., Mansouri, F., Nodehi, M., Motevaseli, E., Izad, M., Yekaninejad, S., Shirzad, M., Bidad, K., Oraei, M., Ansaripour, B. and Saboor-Yaraghi, A.A., 2023. Immunosuppressive effects of two probiotics, Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 13434 and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15312, on CD4+ T cells of multiple sclerosis patients. Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 22: 34-45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/IJAAI.V22I1.12004"},{"key":"R000005","series-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society","first-page":"266","article-title":"Deficits in social cognition: an unveiled signature of multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Chalah, M.A.","unstructured":"Chalah, M.A. and Ayache, S.S., 2017. Deficits in social cognition: an unveiled signature of multiple sclerosis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 23: 266-286."},{"key":"R000006","series-title":"European Journal of Neurology","first-page":"27","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0review","volume":"26","author":"Dobson, R.","unstructured":"Dobson, R. and Giovannoni, G., 2019. Multiple sclerosis\u00a0\u2013 a\u00a0review. 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Journal of Functional Foods 46: 66-84."},{"key":"R000009","series-title":"Clinical Nutrition","first-page":"1245","article-title":"RETRACTED: Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Kouchaki, E.","unstructured":"Kouchaki, E., Tamtaji, O.R., Salami, M., Bahmani, F., Daneshvar Kakhaki, R., Akbari, E., Tajabadi-Ebrahimi, M., Jafari, P. and Asemi, Z., 2017. RETRACTED: Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition 36: 1245-1249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CLNU.2016.08.015"},{"key":"R000010","series-title":"Pharmaceutical Sciences","first-page":"322","article-title":"The effects of probiotic supplementation on level of disability, depressive symptoms and cognitive outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Naseri, A.","unstructured":"Naseri, A., Sanaie, S., Rahnemayan, S., Mosaddeghi-Heris, R., Talebi, M. and Talebi, M., 2025. The effects of probiotic supplementation on level of disability, depressive symptoms and cognitive outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. 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Probiotic supplementation and systemic inflammation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Frontiers in Neuroscience 16: 901846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FNINS.2022.901846\/BIBTEX"},{"key":"R000015","series-title":"Journal of Functional Foods","first-page":"8","article-title":"How probiotic bacteria influence the motor and mental behaviors as well as immunological and oxidative biomarkers in multiple sclerosis? A double blind clinical trial","volume":"52","author":"Salami, M.","unstructured":"Salami, M., Kouchaki, E., Asemi, Z. and Tamtaji, O.R., 2019. How probiotic bacteria influence the motor and mental behaviors as well as immunological and oxidative biomarkers in multiple sclerosis? A double blind clinical trial. 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Annual Review of Biochemistry 86: 715-748."},{"key":"R000020","series-title":"Current Immunology Reviews","first-page":"15","article-title":"Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis and its relationship with the immune system and oxidative stress","volume":"14","author":"Soto-Brambila, A.P.","unstructured":"Soto-Brambila, A.P., Ortiz, G.G., Rivero-Moragrega, P., Briones-Torres, A.L., Gonzalez-Ortiz, L.J. and Pacheco-Moises, F.P., 2018. Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis and its relationship with the immune system and oxidative stress. Current Immunology Reviews 14: 15-23."},{"key":"R000021","series-title":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN","first-page":"180","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of probiotics on oxidative stress in healthy adults","volume":"54","author":"St-Amant, A.","unstructured":"St-Amant, A. and Bergdahl, A., 2023. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of probiotics on oxidative stress in healthy adults. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 54: 180-186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CLNESP.2023.01.016"},{"key":"R000022","series-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","article-title":"Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Tramacere, I.","unstructured":"Tramacere, I., Del Giovane, C., Salanti, G., D\u2019Amico, R. and Filippini, G., 2015. Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9."},{"key":"R000023","series-title":"European Neurology","first-page":"249","article-title":"Oxidative stress induced by lipid peroxidation is related with inflammation of demyelination and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"72","author":"Wang, P.","unstructured":"Wang, P., Xie, K., Wang, C. and Bi, J., 2014. Oxidative stress induced by lipid peroxidation is related with inflammation of demyelination and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. European Neurology 72: 249-254."},{"key":"R000024","series-title":"Pharmacological Research","first-page":"303","article-title":"The effect of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"142","author":"Zheng, H.J.","unstructured":"Zheng, H.J., Guo, J., Jia, Q., Huang, Y.S., Huang, W.J., Zhang, W., Zhang, F., Liu, W.J. and Wang, Y., 2019. 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Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 61: 577-598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2020.1740645"},{"key":"R000001","series-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity","first-page":"1973834","article-title":"New insights into the role of oxidative stress mechanisms in the pathophysiology and treatment of multiple sclerosis","volume":"2016","author":"Adamczyk, B.","unstructured":"Adamczyk, B. and Adamczyk-Sowa, M., 2016. New insights into the role of oxidative stress mechanisms in the pathophysiology and treatment of multiple sclerosis. 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Journal of Functional Foods 46: 66-84."},{"key":"R000009","series-title":"Clinical Nutrition","first-page":"1245","article-title":"RETRACTED: Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Kouchaki, E.","unstructured":"Kouchaki, E., Tamtaji, O.R., Salami, M., Bahmani, F., Daneshvar Kakhaki, R., Akbari, E., Tajabadi-Ebrahimi, M., Jafari, P. and Asemi, Z., 2017. RETRACTED: Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 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